Linux System directory Important directory (must be familiar with)

Directory Structure of Linux

1. Directory Description of Linux

Linux is an inverted tree structure

Everything in Linux is a file.

These files are at the top of the system directory "/"/is the root directory

/directory Below is a level two directory these directories are automatically created when the system is installed

The role of the secondary directory

/bin # #二进制可执行文件也就是系统命令

/sbin # #系统管理命令存放位置

/Boot # #启动分区, responsible for system startup

/Dev # #设备管理文件

/etc # #大多数系统管理文件

/Home # #普通用户的家目录

/lib # #32位系统库文件存放位置

/LIB64 # #64位系统库文件存放位置

/media # #系统临时挂载点

/MNT # #系统临时设备挂载点

/run # #系统临时设备挂载点

/OPT # #第三方软件安装位置

/proc # #系统信息

/root # #超级用户家目录

/srv,/var # #系统数据

/sys # #系统管理, mostly about the kernel

/tmp # #系统临时文件存放位置

/usr # #系统用户相关信息数据及用户自定义软件存放位置

2. Important sub-directories of Linux

1 "*/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 Configuration URL and GW, make the network card effective,/etc/init.d/networkrestart, Ifdown eth0&am P;&ifup eth0

2 "*/etc/resolv.conf set the client Dns,dns of this machine can realize the mutual resolution of domain name and IP

3 "*/etc/hosts set the User IP and name of the corresponding table, equivalent to the local LAN DNS echo" www.etiantian.com ">>/etc/hosts

Ping wwww.etiantian.com will return a DNS

Used to test calls between servers through a domain name

4 "/etc/sysconfig/network can modify the machine name and network card start, gateway and other configuration

5 "*/etc/fstab record of boot to mount file

Additional "/etc/rc.local, boot Loading program

6 "*/etc/inittab set the init process to set the system to what kind of runlevel, and load the relevant boot file

7 "/etc/exports Setting the NFS Network File system configuration file

8 "*/etc/init.d This directory is used to store the system or the server in SYSTEMV mode to start the script, which is common in System V mode startup or initialization systems

9 "/etc/xinit.d If the server is running in xinetd mode, his script will be placed in this directory

8 "*/etc/profile system Global environment variable configuration path, you can add their own path, you can execute the command vi/etc/profile length export path=/opt: $PATH, will

/opt into the path;

9 "*/etc/profile.d a directory command or file to load the login program exists independently!

[Email protected] profile.d]# echo "Echo Feitian" >a.sh

[Email protected] profile.d]# chmod a.sh

[Email protected] profile.d]#. a.sh

Feitian is executed immediately after login, a.sh in PROFILE.D

10/etc/issue Record the display information before user login

11 "/ETC/MOTD Login Reminder

Vi/etc/motd

Write the information to be prompted;

12 "/etc/redhat-release includes one line Redhat version number and name information

13 "/etc/group set user's group name and related information

14 "*/ETC/PASSWD Account information

15 "/etc/shadow Password information

16 "*/etc/sudoers files that can be configured with sudo commands

17 "/etc/securetty set which terminal can let root login

20 "*/etc/rsyslof.conf log setup file, 6.4 chkconfig--list Rsyslog.

21 "*/usr/local This directory is generally used to store the user self-compiled installation software directory, usually through the source package installed software, if there is no specific installation of the installation in this directory to go

22 "*/var/log/message system default log file, is very important, automatic round-robin by the week. /var is a log file,/var/log various log storage location

23 "*/var/log/secure record log in system access information files, automatic round-robin by the week, security information System log;

24 "/var/log/wtmp record the information file of the login, last

25 "*/var/spool/cron/root scheduled task crontab default directory, the name of the file by user name;

26 "/var/spool/mail System user mail storage directory

27 "*/var/spool/clientmqueuesendmail Mail temporary storage directory, there are many reasons for this directory is a lot of broken files, such as crontab scheduled tasks do not add >/dev/null.

Occasionally in the work because of the directory file too many, resulting in the partition inode number

28/etc/login.defs default configuration for all users when they log on

29 "/etc/modprobe.conf kernel module additional parameter set amount is exhausted, unable to write to file

30 "/proc virtual directory is a mapping of memory

31 "/etc/sysctl.conf under its permanent effect (optimized kernel) Cat/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_max_tw_buckets 3600 Repair He was temporarily in effect.

32 "/proc/cpuinfo information about the processor, such as type, manufacturer, model and performance, etc.

33 "/proc/meminfo system memory Information

34 "/proc/interrupts is using interrupts, and how many interrupts have ever been

35 "/proc/loadavg System load information (System busy, but not meticulous), uptime results, the value does not exceed the CPU core number;

[[Email protected]]# uptime

17:05:54up 1:38, 2 users, load average:0.00 (busy in 5 minutes), 0.00 (10), 0.00 (15)

Top can also be displayed

36 "/etc/dir_colors Set color

37 "/etc/host.conf file describes how the user's system queries the node, default Orderhosts,bind

38 "/etc/hosts.allow settings allow use of inetd machines.

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Linux System directory Important directory (must be familiar with)