Linux Talent Program (i)

At this time, the basic teaching of Linux in Mu-net

http://www.imooc.com/view/175

A good memory is inferior to a bad pen. Generally watching video is not hard to learn solid.

Take advantage of some of the notes that have been adopted in each section. Now make some generalizations about it. So that you can stabilize and deepen new knowledge.

First, Linux introduction

One, Linux is divided into Linux kernel version and Linux distribution version
Kernel Version: Core version
1.linux Kernel website: www.kernel.org
2. The latest version is 3.16
3. Kernel Release Notes 2.6.18 (Major version. Minor version. Last version)
(not the newer the better, but the more stable the more secure the better the better)
Release version
Redhat is commonly used as a server, after-sales charge (server requires stability and security)
CentOS Free (almost exactly the same as Redhat)
Fedora Personal version (unstable,) powerful, fully functional, the communication interface cool
Ubuntu graphical Interface Good
Redhat acquired the CentOS.
Other SuSE, Mandriva, red flags (closed) Gento Linux turbolinux (the kernel is basically the same, but adds something you understand)

Second, the Linux application field
1. Based on Linux Enterprise Server (www.netcraft.com can see the background data of the major websites and the scale change of the big open source software)
2. Embedded (quicksshd app is easy to use computer to control Android phone)
3. Set-top box Xiaomi box, music sight box, etc.

third, the difference with Windows :

Programs under Windows cannot be installed and run directly on Linux. Windows Trojan and virus cannot run in Linux, so Linux is more secure

Here are some different Linux and Windows:
1.Linux Strictly case-sensitive
All content in 2.Linux is saved as a file, except for temporary files. including hardware, users, etc.---some things in Linux files
3.Linux does not differentiate file types by extension , and the file types are distinguished by permissions. The extension was written just for the administrator to see, easy to manage
Compressed package: *.gz *.bz2*.tar.bz2 *.tgz Extension Different, compression method is different, decompression method is not the same
Binary packages: *.rpm
Web file: *.html*.php
Script file: *.sh
Configuration file: *.conf
These extensions do not necessarily have to be, but rather give the administrator the distinction between file types which are contracted to form.
Windows distinguishes between different file types by extension, Eg:doc\txt
Programs on 4.windows cannot be installed and run directly on Linux

Linux can meet all the requirements of the server, Linux Entertainment software is much less than Windows.

Four, the advantages of the Linux character interface :
1. The character interface consumes less system resources (system resources are saved)
2. Character interface reduces the likelihood of error and attack (high fault tolerance)

Second, VMware virtual machines

first, the characteristics of VMware :
1. You can use more than two operating systems on the same PC without partitioning or rebooting
2. The native system can communicate with the virtual machine system network
3. Can set and modify the hardware environment of the virtual machine operating system at any time

VMware can modify the hardware environment at any time with multiple system and physical machine functions, but the memory is up to half the physical machine.
Official website www.vmware.com
The new version mainly face Enterprise Update, occupy more resources, use 8.0 best, 7.0 can not be used on WIN7.
Search in Baidu 8.0 version, because the official website charges, you can use a snapshot, the current state of the virtual machine operating system to save, unlike the physical machine needs to be re-installed, conducive to learning, convenient.

Recommended configuration
CPU 1GHz memory more than 1GB hard disk partition free 8G above, install Linux needs 2G memory.
It is not recommended to install to the C drive, the first C drive data will be bigger and larger when the second reload many software does not need to reload
Do not join the experience plan, suspect stealing data
Installation speed depends on PC performance
2-3G space is required after loading.
Select boot start, a lot of features to use.
8.0.4 has a Chinese version of
Error: Chinese need to close the program has been started, terminated, or ignored, does not affect the Chinese.

Ii.. Create a new virtual machine

1. Open-the installed virtual machine, double-click the vmx file

When you are new, you cannot select the "Install disk image file"
Because it will be installed automatically from start to finish, it is minimized.

Centos 64 takes up more resources, has many compatibility issues, and is recommended for beginners to use 32-bit.
Virtual machine Removal: Vmware_install_cleaner is specifically used to remove the virtual machine cleanly. Clear the Registry

2. Virtual Machine hardware settings
Centos 6.3 At least 628M to start the graphical installation interface, so the memory can not be smaller than 638MB

Real CPU performance mapping to the virtual machine, if not selected, is the software simulation of the CPU, if selected, the real machine CPU is i7, the virtual machine CPU is also i7;
If you need to run big data, virtual machine performance needs to be very strong;
But choosing this will take up the resources of the real CPU.
If you need to run big data, choose.


　　Bridging : Use a physical network card and host communication, which consumes an IP address of the same network segment of the host. LAN or other computer communication within the network
　　NAT: VMnet8 and host communication, and can only communicate with the host, Internet access
　　host only: through VMnet1 and host communication, and host only communication, not internet

3. Virtual Machine Tips
Snapshot-Saves the current state, the virtual machine is broken, and the snapshot is resumed.
Cloning Features:
(1) Link clone: Create the shadow of the original image, occupy less space memory completely simulate another machine, will not be used with the deletion of the original image;
(2) Full clone: Create an identical virtual machine, delete the original image can also be used normally, occupy the same memory as the original image.

　three, 1, Installation choice : Install later, because the use of image installation (that is, ISO file installation) is a fully automated process, in
There is no such option on the actual machine, and it is not conducive to beginners
2. Do not delete the VMware software directly by deleting the directory, because it can not be completely deleted, the next
Installation is no longer possible. You can use Vmware_instaill_cleaner to delete this software.
3, the use of snapshots can save the state of the virtual machine, when the virtual machine is playing bad, you can restore it

　Iv. formatting purposes (write to file system):

1. Partitioning partitions into equal-sized chunks (block)

2. Create a table in the partition list, record the file ID (node), modify the time, permissions, save location

　The hard disk partition determines that the primary partition can have a maximum of four, 512 bytes (sector size)-448 bytes (record boot information) =64 (partition representation) [every 16 bytes represents a partition]
Windows A, b as a soft partition of the drive letter, c as the first primary partition of the letter, so the maximum can be divided into 23 sub-partitions.
Formatting: Partition the hard disk, the basic purpose is to write to the file system. FAT16: Maximum 2G partition FAT32 Single file capitalization cannot exceed 4G, support partition size 16TB,NTFS support larger single file support for larger partitions.
formatting purposes: 1. Divide the entire partition into equal-sized chunks, the default minimum storage unit size is 4KB. 2. Partition list: Has the I node (ID number), modify the time, permissions, save the location. Take the clothes out before you can hit the spacer, so format to erase the data.

Six, the partition refers to the logical partition , the primary partition up to four, determined by the hard disk structure
Windows A and B to do floppy drive determination, c Primary partition decision
1. The hard disk is divided into several equal sectors
default 512 bytes per sector, Where 446 bytes are used for startup information, 64 bytes are used for partitioning, and each 16 bytes represents a partition, so there are only 4 primary partitions. The last one of the primary partitions can be used as an extended partition (up to one), primary partition + extended partition <=4, extended partition cannot write data, can only contain logical partition, theoretical logic                 The      area is divided by up to 23.
2. Formatting is to divide the hard disk into equal size file storage block, write the partition ID number in the partition list, the minimum space to store the file defaults to 4KB, whether or not full, can only store data once.
Windows:fat16: The maximum partition can only support 2GB.
FAT32: A single file cannot exceed 4GB, with a maximum support of 16TB
NTFS: Very large
Liunx:ext2, ext3, ext4. Default installation using EXT4

Format: Write to file system. The Linux format: 1, divides the whole partition into the equal size data block, 2, establishes the two-dimensional table in the partition list, records each file ID number (I node), the modification time, the permission, the file saves the location

Seven, WINDOWS is a graphical interface , the visual view of the partition, partition-format-allocation of the letter
Linux has no graphical interface at first, partition-format-to each partition from the device file name-allocation letter; everything in Linux files

HDD Interface:/DEV/HDA1/DEV/SDA1
HD,SD is the device file name, a represents the first hard disk, and 1 represents the first partition
Primary partition: 1.2.3.4
Logical partitioning: Starting from 5
The drive letter for Windows is the mount point in Linux.
Must partition (/root partition; swap partition)
Recommended partitions (/boot)
Mount: The process of assigning a drive letter (mount point) to a partition, the concept of a drive letter is not present in Linux, and a directory as a drive letter
Swap partition 4 G for memory twice times, greater than 4 G allocation and other large space
Boot has a free space system to boot.


The drive letter on Windows is the mount point under Linux, and the mount point under Linux is the drive letter represented by the directory.

The root partition is a must, the swap partition is similar to the virtual memory on Windows, when the memory is not enough to use the hard disk as memory. General memory compared to a child, swap allocation twice times the memory space, relatively large, on the casual.

recommended to the boot partition separate partition, because boot is to start the system, if not partition, will and with the partition in the same partition, if the partition with the full, boot can not boot, so the recommendation to separate to boot partition, 200 enough.

Eight, the choice of software package：
1. Desktop
2. Minimal Desktop (minimized)
3, Minimal (minimized)
4. Basic server (base servers) v
5. DATABSE Server (database server)
6. Web server (Web servers)
7. Virtual Host
8, software development worstation (software development workstation)

Partition order:/boot 200M,/home xxx, swap 4G above for memory size,/root partition remaining free space

Ctrl + Alt + Enter to set the virtual machine to full screen
Swap doesn't have a mount point, which means it's not for the user.
Ctrl + ALT to cut out the mouse;
After installing the virtual machine two more virtual Machine network card: Bridge network is the virtual machine network card and real network card direct communication, the disadvantage is that will occupy the real network card ip;hat is the virtual machine VMware8 virtual network card.
2. Format: Also known as the logical format, is based on the user selected file system (such as At16,fat32 (single file data can not exceed 4G), in a specific area of the disk to write specific data, in the partition to be placed in a file allocation table, Disk space for file management, such as catalog tables.
* Drive: DOS, Windows system identifiers for disk storage devices. A:,b: Represents two floppy drive, the hard drive device is from the letter C: Start, until Z:. For the Unix,linux system, there is no concept of the drive letter, the directory as a drive letter;

/root/install.log record installation system packages and their file information
/root/install.log.syslog record the events left by the installation process
/ROOT/ANACONA-KS.CFG records the option information set during installation in the format of the Kickstart configuration file (available for server batch use);
Inux Partition Order: (The large hard disk is divided into small logical partition), format (write to file system), to the device file name----Allocation letter (Mount);
The swap partition is not for the user to see, it is directly called by the system, so no mount point (similar to the drive letter);
The. CFG profile can be thought of as a template file that can be used to load many machines;

Nine, finally found the Xshell remote CentOS method , make notes
1. Configure temporary IP address: ifconfig eth0 192.168.xx.101
2. View Ip:ifconfig-a
3. Configure the http://www.linuxidc.com/linux/2014-12/110558.htm in Xshell
4.http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/e4d08ffdd417660fd3f60d70.html

Ten, 1.Xshell is used to remotely manage the Linux
2. Chinese plugin: Zhcon
3. Network configuration: First look at the subnet address of the virtual machine VMnet8, virtual machine---editor----Virtual network editor->VMNET8 external connection mode: Nat mode, my subnet address: 192.168.182.0,

Then configure Ip:ifconfig eth0 192.168.182.xxx in CentOS, and finally change the host address in Xshell to: 192.168.182.xxx,ok

Xi. This is my own version, referring to the other students, and then self-made out:

First, start CentOS 6.3, log in and start the Network (Command ifup eth0)
Then, enter the command ifconfig to view the IP address inet addr:192.168.56.101
Next, open Xshell, enter the IP address you see in the Xshell, connect it.

Reference
1.http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/48206aeada2e41216bd6b377.html

2.http://www.wubohai.com/?p=4

Linux Talent Program (i)