LINUX the next day

Operating system

1.1 Basic knowledge

1.1.1 Profile and Founder

Linux is a free, free, open source operating system, Linux wasoriginally made by the Finnish University of Helsinki students Linus Torvalds due to their dissatisfaction with the use of Minix operating system in teaching, So at the end of 1990, because of personal love design Linux system core.

Features of 1.1.2linux

Open, multi-user, multi-tasking, rich network functions, reliable system security, good portability, standard compatibility, good user interface (command interface, graphical interface, etc.), excellent speed performance.

1.1.3 Composition

kernel: Is the heart of the system and is the core program for running programs and managing hardware devices like disks and printers

Shell: Is the user interface of the system, which provides an interface between the user and the kernel for interactive operation. It receives the command entered by the user and sends it to the kernel to execute, which is a command interpreter. But it not only makes the command interpreter, but also a high-level programming language, Shell programming.

File system: File system is the organization method that files are stored on disk and other storage devices, Linux supports various file systems, such as ext3,ext2,nfs,smb,iso9660, etc.

Application: Standard Linux operating system will have a set of applications such as X-window,open office etc.

             linux version: For example Redhat,debian, novell/suse, etc.

     1.1.4 directory structure

            

bin holds binary executables (ls,cat,mkdir, etc.)  

boot holds various files used for system boot

dev for storing device files

etc Storage System configuration file

Home Store The root directory of all user files

Lib holds shared libraries and kernel modules needed to run programs in the file system

MNT system Administrator installs the temporary file system installation point

Placement of optional application packages that opt for additional installation

proc Virtual file system, storing the current memory mapping

root Super User directory

sbin Store binary executable files, only root to access

tmp is used to store various temporary files

usr for storing system applications, more important directories/usr/local local Administrator software installation directory

var is used to store files that need to change data at run time  

1.2 Practice the installation of virtual machines and introduction to the Linux operating system

1.2.1 The installation of the virtual machine Vmware10 (the 10 version does not support the 32 operating system) and the Linux version centos6.4

1.2.2 Possible problems with the installation of virtual machines

The first error: Virtual machine installation may occur when not turned on virtualization, we can according to their own computer situation to the BIOS to open

The second problem: Internal error: The virtual machine service may not be turned on, and you can turn on the related service yourself.

Virtual machine Install operating system I'm not going to say it. Install it Yourself

1. Operation of the Directory

   2.1 Creating a Directory

   How to view the parameters of a command first (http://www.lx138.com/)

   If your English level is good also can direct mkdir--help

   mkdir Directory Name

   Mkdir-p directory name (often used:)

   If there is no-p parameter, because there is no mid directory, error

   If you add the parameter-p, is not the mid created successfully, its low 444 page created successfully.

   The following commands are relatively simple, their own test

   Switch directory (CD)

   Cd.. Return to the top level directory

   CD directory name into this directory

   View the directory path that is currently located

   Pwd

   Delete Directory

   RmDir: (Features: Only empty directories can be deleted, generally not used)

   RM-RF Directory name (regardless of whether the directory is empty, mandatory delete, to use caution)

   (not finished, please see subordinate)

   
   

LINUX the next day