[Linux] Ubuntu13.04-windows8hyperv Pre-Virtual installation instructions

1. How to partition Ubuntu

1./swap swap partition, generally twice times the memory of your machine, less than this capacity, the system can not enter hibernation.

The essence is the swap space on the hard disk, not the partition, so there is no format, and the default hibernation stores the data in this

Can be canceled (if no swap has to be set to hibernate)--most desktop users with 1GB of memory need 1.5GB swap. More than 2GB of memory for many users actually do not need it--note that a large number of processing audio, video, images need more than 3GB swap space.

2./root partition, the general choice of 15G, the default EXT4, if you do not separate the partition described below, it is attributed to this partition, even the most up-to-date novice can also consider the upper limit of 30GB-usually do not use this

3./boot partition recommended ext2, default EXT4. This partition contains the kernel of the operating system and the files to be used in booting the system, it is necessary to build this partition, because most of the current PC is limited by the BIOS, and if there is a separate/boot boot partition, even if the main root partition problems, the computer can still boot. The size of this partition is about 60MB-120MB, not exceeding 150MB. 1G is enough to study the kernel.

4./home partition, default EXT4, private file, just put the rest of the space here.

These are the basic requirements.

/usr partition 100G default ext4, where the system and personal software are stored, this is your decision to install the program more than a few points. You can also configure a single partition for/user/local, which is where you install your personal software.

/var/log partition 1G default EXT4, System logging partition, if this separate partition is set up, this will not affect the primary partition of the operating system even if there is a problem with the system's log files.

/tmp partition 5G The default ext4,tmp partition is used to hold temporary files. is necessary for a Web server. This allows the other parts of the file system to be secure even if the program is running with a large number of temporary files, or if the user is doing something wrong with the system. Because this part of the filesystem still has read and write operations, it usually has problems faster than the rest of the system. The system Temp folder, the capacity of a DVD disc on the line.

/OPT partition 1G Add-on storage place

The/bin partition defaults to EXT4, and partitions are rarely partitioned to hold standard system utilities.

The order of partitioning is best to put the boot partition before the swap partition last. If the entire hard disk is installed with a set of Linux systems, generally boot to the front, and the boot is set to primary partition, the other is set to logical partition. In the case of dual-system or multi-system installations, logical partitioning is generally selected. After the partition is created, the partition table needs to be updated before installation, so if you are a hard disk installation and the ISO is placed on a partition of this disk, because Setup cannot uninstall the hook (it is a problem with the installer, I believe these compatibility issues will be resolved in a future release), you may not be able to update the partition table. This means that you may not be able to continue the installation using manual partitioning. So either use the CD-ROM installation or change the ISO to another hard drive partition.

How do I recover the system?

A/home partition is created when the system is installed. You can view Ubuntu's "/" Partition as Windows C-disk, when you reload Ubuntu, only format "/" Partition, do not format "/home", so you can keep the "/home" data.

The configuration information for Ubuntu is stored in the user's home folder, which is some of the "." Start the folder or file, press the "Ctrl+h" key to display.

Because I do not want to keep the old system settings and software settings, want to install a new system, so to delete the old configuration file, if you want to retain the previous settings, then omit this step.

To delete a configuration file: 1. Start the system with a CD-ROM and enter the Live CD. 2, execute command "sudo nautilus" in terminal, open file Browser as administrator. 3. Press "Ctrl+h" key to display hidden files. 4. Delete the "Lost+found" and "" in the HDD/home partition. Trash-0 "folder. 5. Delete all "." In the "username" folder. folders and files that begin with. ("username" is your user name)

The following focus on "reserve hard disk space", that is, partition this step. Select manually specify the partition (Advanced).

Judging by the partition size, "/DEV/SDA1" is the original "/" Partition. Select "/dev/sda1" and click the "Change ..." button.

Do not change the original partition capacity, select the partition format "EXT4 log file System" in the drop-down list to the right of "for", select "Format this Partition", "mount point" selected "/", then click "OK".

"/dev/sda5" is the original swap partition. Select "/dev/sda5" and click the "Change ..." button.

Do not change the original partition capacity; Select to swap space. Formatting and mount points are not optional.

"/dev/sda6" is the original "/home" partition. Select "/dev/sda6" and click the "Change ..." button.

Do not change the original partition capacity, what is the original file system, now or choose what file System! Do not select "Format this Partition"! mount point Select "/home".

Check it out, notice that "/home" is not checked after formatting, and the file system (type) used is the same as the original. Then click "Forward".

The next steps are the same as the regular installation, and follow the onscreen instructions. The place to note is: When filling in the identity, the name can be filled in, but the login name is the same as before. Installation takes a while, if the screen becomes black, it may be because the keyboard and the mouse for a long time without action and start the screen protection, moving the mouse to resume, do not tense, not to forcibly shut down the machine.

When the installation is complete, restart the computer as prompted. The files in/home will be intact.

Advanced Guide:

Planning of the host

1. is a single system (single system Linux) or multi-system (m$ windows and Linux coexistence)

If it's a single system, then you don't have to think about whether you want to share it with other systems, and if it's a multi-system, then each partition can be mounted on Linux after you've finished installing Linux, and of course it includes NTFS.

Now that you can mount the individual disk partitions of m$, you can consider putting some of the usual stuff in a specific partition (such as common files, music, movies), which allows Linux to share these things with m$.

2. The function of the host is: DESKTP or Server

This is related to how many zones you need to install Linux, the biggest difference between Linux and m$ is that each partition is just a mount point (such as/home,/usr,/boot,/var), and m$ 's partition is a drive letter (such as c:d: E: ....), as to how many partitions to do, Coffee follow-up will be explained in detail.

The next coffee is about the storage device you're using in Linux.

Mount Location and use code

Hardware name hardware in Linux mount location IDE hard disk/dev/hd[a-z] SCSI hard disk/dev/sd[a-z] SATA HDD/dev/sd[a-z] USB mobile disk reader/dev/sd[a-z] Optical drive/DEV/CDR Om floppy/dev/fd[0-1] printer/dev/lp[0-2] IDE hard disk Master Slave IDE 1 (Primary)/DEV/HDA/DEV/HDB IDE 2 (secondary)/dev /HDC/DEV/HDD Hey!! How does the above chart not have SATA SCSI??

Oh ~ ~ Because these equipment are sequentially discharged sd[a-z], basically will be in accordance with the SCSI SATA USB sequence in the order, if the removal of a later code will be forward to be up.

Next coffee to simply introduce you to the hard disk segmentation: (in order not to occupy space only brief introduction)

Hard Disk Segmentation

After the hard disk is divided into various partitions, the partition according to the functional difference can be divided into primary partition (Primary), extended partition (Extended) and logical partition (Logical) three kinds.

1. Hard drives can distinguish between 4 main partitions or 3 main partitions + 1 expansion partitions

2. The expansion of the partition can be divided into several (no limit, but the total capacity must not exceed the expansion of the partition size) logical partition area.

3. Use of the Code: IDE0 (First hard drive, device name/dev/hda) as an example to illustrate

Main partition using: Hda[1-4] includes expansion of the partition area, including

Logical partition using: hda[5-~] Note that the logical partition must be calculated starting from 5

The type of coffee is slow-to-^, but finally the introduction of system considerations and hard disk partitioning before installation is completed.

When you know the coffee above said (do not understand the re-see Hey!!) ), we can plan your drive according to your needs:

Start with the coffee of the baby computer to do the instructions, coffee is the use of multi-system installation, as to how the multi-system coexistence in your computer, please you can go to the Group blog or forum to find the answer, coffee here will not do more introduction. The following is the plan of the coffee on the hard drive:

The coffee computer has two hard disks, HDA 160G and SDA 250G, respectively, divided as follows:

Note: Coffee was originally installed with the IDE m$, and bought SATA to install Linux Ubuntu, and in the BIOS set the IDE as the 1th hard disk, only because m$ only on the 1th hard disk boot, or Linux good, where are available.

Device ID     file system     mount point    purpose hda1    ntfs   / MEDIA/HDA1 my m$1 system disk hda2    ntfs   /media/hda2 my m$2 system disk hda3    NTFS    /media/hda3 My m$3 system disk hda5    fat32  /media/hda5 m$[1-3] Common software Installation area Hda6     ntfs   /media/hda6 Store My Files Audio-visual multimedia hda7    ntfs   / MEDIA/HDA7 Source and backup sda1    ext3   /   my favorite Ubuntu 22GB sda2    ext3   /home   home folder 60GB sda3    swap         System memory replacement files sda5    ntfs   /media/sda5 store My Files Audio-visual multimedia sda6    NTFS    /media/sda6 store My files av multimedia sda7    ntfs   /media/sda7 storage Virtual machine image file, can be shared Note: The purpose of expanding the partition is only to split the logical partition, not the entity storage area, usually do not see the code name

Coffee is used in both m$ and Linux VirtualBox shared the image files stored in the SDA7.

Look at the coffee division, perhaps you have some things you do not know, coffee here continue to add:

The first part of the device code is mentioned, and then we want to introduce

File system

Under Windows, we often see a file system with FAT, FAT32, NTFS

The file systems available with Linux are:

EXT2: Early format, no log support

EXT3: Is the ext2 improved version, added the log function, is the most basic and most commonly used format.

ReiserFS: also has the log function, its characteristic is the processing small file speed quickly.

XFS: Stable and efficient, with superior performance in mixed-size file systems.

JFS: Feature is the least CPU-intensive, if your computer is old then this is the best choice.

Started splitting up.

There must be at least two mount points (disk partitions) in the Linux system, each of which is/and swap, and whether the rest of the other mount points will be separated separately is dependent on your planning needs. Refer to the following recommendations:

The size of the swap is approximately equal to the size of your memory, or slightly larger

Initial contact for novice or hard disk space Limited desktop installation recommendations:

mount point device description//dev/hda1 free space –swap all space after size SWAP/DEV/HDA2 approximate memory size recommended installation recommendations for at least 512MB advanced user desktop:

mount point Device Description//dev/hda1 15g/home/dev/hda2 maximum remaining space/boot/dev/hda3 around 128MB swap/dev/hda5 approximately memory size (recommended at least 51 2MB) installation recommendations for advanced user server:

mount point Device Description//dev/hda1 15g/home/dev/hda2 maximum remaining space/boot/dev/hda3 around 128MB swap/dev/hda5 approximately memory size (recommended at least 51 2MB)/var/dev/hda6 Depending on the server function determines the size

note////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

The root partition//must always physically contain/etc,/bin,/sbin,/lib, and/dev, otherwise you will not be able to start the system. A typical root partition requires 150–250MB size space.

*
/usr: contains all user programs (/usr/bin), library files (/usr/lib), Documents (/usr/share/doc), and so on. This is the most space-consuming part of the file system. You need to provide at least 500MB of disk space. The total capacity will grow depending on the number and type of packages you want to install. A loose workstation or server installation should require 4–6GB.

*
/var: all mutable data, such as newsgroup articles, e-mails, websites, databases, cache of package systems, etc., will be put into this directory. The size of this directory depends on the purpose of your computer, but for most people, it will be used primarily as a management tool for package systems. If you are ready to do a full installation at once, including all Debian-provided programs, the 2 or 3GB space below/var should suffice. If you are ready to install (that is, install the service programs and tools, then the Text Processing tool, then X, ...), you are ready to 300–500 MB. If the hard disk space is tight and you are not ready for the master version of the system upgrade, you can prepare it for 30 or 40MB size.

*
/tmp: The temporary data created by the program is mostly stored in this directory. Usually 40–100 MB should be sufficient. Some applications-including archive handlers, CD/DVD authoring tools, and multimedia software-may temporarily save image files using/tmp. If you want to use these programs, you should adjust the size of the/tmp directory accordingly.

*
/home: Each user will place his private data in a subdirectory of this directory. The size depends on how many users will use the system, and what files are placed in their directory. Depending on the purpose of the plan, 100MB space should be prepared for each user, but should be adjusted to your needs. If you plan to save a lot of multimedia files (Pictures, MP3, movies) in your home directory, you should prepare more space.

2. Ubuntu Installation Steps

Enter this installation interface is to partition the hard disk, you can install the following partition method to partition, is to enter the partition interface:

When the interface above appears, click "New Partition Table ...", then the interface will appear, then click "Continue" so that you can partition according to your own needs.

1. Swap partition: Click on the "Add ..." button:

Install the following interface to set up, of course, you can also set the size you want:

Then click "OK" to continue with the next partition setting.

2. Boot partition, click "Add ..." Button:

Partition according to the size you want

Then click "OK" to continue with the next partition setting.

3. USR partition, click "Add ..." Button: (this partition is as large as possible.)

Partition according to the size you want

Then click "OK" to continue with the next partition setting.

4. Home section, click "Add ..." Button:

Partition according to the size you want

Then click "OK" to continue with the next partition setting.

5. "/" directory partition, click "Add ..." Button:

Assign all the remaining space to the "/" directory.

This concludes the entire partition, whichever size you want.

After the partition is finished, the following interface appears, confirm the partition, then click "Install Now" to install the following.

6. After the partition is complete, the following installs the interface, mainly modifies the region time and fills in the user name, the machine name and the password and so on. The following

Fill in the local time, then click "Foward"

Choose keyboard habits

Fill in the User name and password: