Linux/etc/skel Directory

The/etc/skel directory in Linux (Skel is the abbreviation for skeleton, meaning bones, frames. ) is the directory used to store the new user profile, when we add a new user, all files in this directory are automatically copied to the newly added user's home directory, by default, all files under the/etc/skel directory are hidden files (files that begin with a. dot); Modify, add, delete etc /skel directory, we can provide a unified, standard, and initialized user environment for newly created users.

Demo: Allow every new user to see Hi.txt's Documents

[[email protected] ~]# ll /etc/skel/ -al                               view files under/etc/skel/Total 20drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root 4096 feb  23 14:39 .DRWXR-XR-X. 59 ROOT ROOT 4096 APR 19 12:03&NBSP, .... -rw-r--r--.   1 root root   18 jul 18  2013 .bash_ Logout-rw-r--r--.   1 root root  176 jul 18  2013 .bash_ Profile-rw-r--r--.   1 root root  124 jul 18  2013 . Bashrc[[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/skel/[[email protected] skel]# ll                                           The default view is hidden total 0[[email protected] skel]# vi hi.txt                                    Create a Hi.txt file, write hellohello[[email protected]  skel]# lltotal 4-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 6 apr 21 11:22  hi.txt[[email protected] skel]# useradd test1                                new Test1 User [[Email protected] skel]# ll /home/test1/ -al                          View TEst1 's home directory total 24drwx------.  2 test1 test1 4096 apr 21 11:23 . DRWXR-XR-X. 5 ROOT  ROOT  4096 APR 21 11:23&NBSP, .... -rw-r--r--.  1 test1 test1   18 jul 18  2013 .bash_ Logout-rw-r--r--.  1 test1 test1  176 jul 18  2013 .bash_ Profile-rw-r--r--.  1 test1 test1  124 jul 18  2013 . Bashrc-rw-r--r--.  1 test1 test1    6 Apr 21 11:22  hi.txt        See the Hi.txt file you just created [[Email protected] skel]# cat  /home/test1/hi.txt                      can see the hello content inside hello

Simulate the deletion of files after test1 user/etc/skel/directory

Delete: File under/etc/skel/[[email protected] skel]# su - test1[[email protected] ~]$  LS -ALTOTAL 24DRWX------.  2 test1 test1 4096 apr 21 11:23  .DRWXR-XR-X. 5 ROOT  ROOT  4096 APR 21 11:23&NBSP, .... -rw-r--r--.  1 test1 test1   18 jul 18  2013 .bash_ Logout-rw-r--r--.  1 test1 test1  176 jul 18  2013 .bash_ Profile-rw-r--r--.  1 test1 test1  124 jul 18  2013 . Bashrc-rw-r--r--.  1 test1 test1    6 Apr 21 11:22  hi.txt[[email protected] ~]$ rm -f *                                  Direct Delete no use [[email protected] ~]$ ls -al                                   files are still in total 20drwx------.  2 test1 test1 4096 Apr 21  11:51 .DRWXR-XR-X. 5 ROOT  ROOT  4096 APR 21 11:23&NBSP, .... -rw-r--r--.  1 test1 test1   18 jul 18  2013 .bash_ Logout-rw-r--r--.  1 test1 test1  176 jul 18  2013 .bash_ Profile-rw-r--r--.  1 test1 test1  124 jul 18  2013 .bashrc[[ email protected] ~]$ rm -f .*                                 delete files that begin with. rm: cannot remove  '. ': is a directoryrm: cannot remove  ':  Is  a directory[[email protected] ~]$ ls -al                          Files such as         .bash have been deleted total 8drwx------.  2 test1  test1 4096 apr 21 11:52 .drwxr-xr-x. 5 root  root  4096  APR 21 11:23&NBSP, .... [[email protected] ~]$ su - test1                               switch to test1 user password: -bash-4.1$                                           appears because of/etc/skel/ The file under the-bash-4.1$ -bash-4.1$ logout recovery/etc/skel/file [[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/ skel/                            switch to ROOT to open the/etc/skel/directory [[Email protected] skel] # ls -altotal 24drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root 4096 apr 21  11:22 .DRWXR-XR-X. 59 ROOT ROOT 4096 APR 21 11:50&NBSP, .... -rw-r--r--.   1 root root   18 jul 18  2013 .bash_ Logout-rw-r--r--.   1 root root  176 jul 18  2013 .bash_ Profile-rw-r--r--.   1 root root  124 jul 18  2013 . Bashrc-rw-r--r--.   1 root root    6 apr 21 11:22 hi.txt[[email protected] skel]#  cp -a .bash* /home/test1/             Copy all. bash files to Test1 's home directory [[email protected] skel]# ll /home/test1/ -al                   view file already exists total  20DRWX------.  2 test1 test1 4096 Apr 21 11:59 .drwxr-xr-x.  5 ROOT  ROOT  4096 APR 21 11:23&NBSP, .... -rw-r--r--.  1 root  root    18 jul 18  2013 . bash_logout         permissions only belong to Root-rw-r--r--.  1 root   Root   176 jul 18  2013 .bash_profile-rw-r--r--.  1 root   root   124 jul 18  2013 .bashrc[[email protected] skel]# chown -r test1 /home/test1/           Assign to Test1 user rights, do not assign rights cannot be used [[Email protected] skel]# ll  /home/test1/ -al               total 20drwx------.  2 test1 test1 4096 apr 21 11:59 . DRWXR-XR-X. 5 ROOT  ROOT  4096 APR 21 11:23&NBSP, .... -rw-r--r--.  1 test1 root    18 jul 18  2013 .bash_ logout         permissions assigned to test1-rw-r--r--.  1 test1 root    176 jul 18  2013 .bash_profile-rw-r--r--.  1 test1 root    124 jul 18  2013 .bashrc[[email protected] skel]# su  - test1                            switch to Test1 user, already available [[email protected] ~]$ [[email protected] ~]$

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Linux/etc/skel Directory