One: Orm Relational Object Mapping (object relational Mapping, abbreviation ORM)

In the Days of wolves! Hard to win ten) Django-orm (Create, field type, field parameter) One: ORM Relational Object Mapping (Object Relational Mapping, ORM)

ORM is divided into two types:

DB first creates database tables in the database, etc.
Code first creates a class, then creates a data table from the class, and so on. Django follows the code Frist principle of automatically generating database tables based on classes defined in your code.

II: Django ORM Creation

　　1) Create a class

The created class must inherit models. Model, automatically create the table name in the database: App name _ table name, such as: App01_userinfo

    From django.db import Models    # Create your models here.    #表名app01_userinfo    class UserInfo (models. Model):        #默认有id列, or the primary key        Username=models. Charfield (max_length=32)        password=models. Charfield (MAX_LENGTH=32)

　　2) Register App

　　

    B) Register app        Installed_apps = [            ' django.contrib.admin ',            ' Django.contrib.auth ',            ' Django.contrib.contenttypes ',            ' django.contrib.sessions ',            ' django.contrib.messages ',            ' Django.contrib.staticfiles ',            ' app01 ', #注册APP, above are default values        ]

　　3) configuration database, default is Sqllite, can be modified to MySQL, etc.

　　　　A) Sqllte Configuration

DATABASES = {'    default ': {        ' ENGINE ': ' Django.db.backends.sqlite3 ',        ' NAME ': Os.path.join (Base_dir, ' Db.sqlite3 '),    }}

　　　　B) MySQL Configuration

　　

DATABASES = {'      default ': {          ' ENGINE ': ' Django.db.backends.mysql ',          ' NAME ': ' MyDatabase ',          ' USER ': ' Mydatabaseuser ',          ' PASSWORD ': ' MyPassword ',          ' HOST ': ' 127.0.0.1 ',          ' PORT ': ' 3306 ',      }  }  

　C) Precautions

Django uses the MySQLdb module link mysql by default
Python3 is using pymysql and is actively modifying to Pymysql: Add the following code to the _init__.py (directory with settings) under project with the same name as the file:

   Import Pymysql   pymysql.install_as_mysqldb ()

　　4) Generate Data table

　　

        Python manage.py makemigrations  #生成sql        python manage.py migrate  #数据库中生成表等

5) precautions

A) Find the models.py under the app and don't change the name, and Django won't be there.

B) Add Field

　　

Class UserInfo (models. Model): Username=models. Charfield (max_length=20) password=models. Charfield (max_length=3)1) field length shortenedPassword=models. Charfield (max_length=32) password=models. Charfield (max_length=30) data lost over length "Alex 1234567 view edit Delete"2) Add field, the field is not allowed to be empty by default. You need to set a default value, or set the field to be emptyClass UserInfo (models. Model): Username=models. Charfield (max_length=20) password=models. Charfield (max_length=3) email=models. Charfield (max_length=30) below is not set Default,null
Python manage.py makemigrations Tip: E:\Django Project exercise \d19new>python manage.py makemigrations You is trying to add a non-nullable field ' e-mail ' to userinfo without a default;    We can ' t do that (the database needs something to populate existing rows). Please select a fix:1) provide a one-off the default now ('ll be set to all existing rows with a null value for this COL umn) 2) Quit, and let me add a default in models.py Select a option:fields are not allowed to be empty by default. You need to set a default value, or set the field to be emptyEmail=models. Charfield (Max_length=30,null=true)3) Test=models. Emailfield (max_length=19)#create不会验证, Emailfield is used for Django admin verification, and other things like Urlfield4) Self IDIf you use Autofield (primary_key=true), the default ID is not used

Three: Field type

　　

Autofield (Field)-int self-increment column, must be filled in parameter Primary_key=true Bigautofield (Autofield)-bigint self-increment column, must be filled with parameters primary_key= True Note: When the model does not have a self-increment column, a column named ID is automatically created from the Django.db Import models Class UserInfo (models. Model): # automatically creates a column named ID and an integer column with an increment of username = models. Charfield (MAX_LENGTH=32) class Group (models. Model): # Custom Auto-increment nid = models. Autofield (primary_key=true) name = models. Charfield (max_length=32) Smallintegerfield (Integerfield):-Small integer -32768 ~ 32767 Positivesmallintegerfield (Posi Tiveintegerreldbtypemixin, Integerfield)-positive small integer 0 ~ 32767 integerfield (Field)-integer sequence (signed)-2147483648 ~ 2 147483647 Positiveintegerfield (Positiveintegerreldbtypemixin, Integerfield)-positive integer 0 ~ 2147483647 BigIntegerFi Eld (Integerfield):-Long Integer (signed)-9223372036854775808 ~ 9223372036854775807 Custom unsigned integer field class Unsignedintege Rfield (models. Integerfield): def db_type (sElf, Connection): Return ' integer UNSIGNED ' PS: The value returned is the property of the field in the database, the default value for the Django field is: ' Autofield '            : ' Integer auto_increment ', ' Bigautofield ': ' bigint auto_increment ', ' Binaryfield ': ' Longblob ',  ' Booleanfield ': ' bool ', ' charfield ': ' varchar (% (max_length) s) ', ' Commaseparatedintegerfield ': ' varchar (% (max_length) s) ', ' Datefield ': ' Date ', ' Datetimefield ': ' DateTime ', ' Decimalfie LD ': ' Numeric (% (max_digits) s,% (decimal_places) s) ', ' Durationfield ': ' bigint ', ' filefield ': ' varchar            (% (max_length) s) ', ' filepathfield ': ' varchar (% (max_length) s) ', ' Floatfield ': ' Double precision ',            ' Integerfield ': ' Integer ', ' Bigintegerfield ': ' bigint ', ' Ipaddressfield ': ' char (15) ',            ' Genericipaddressfield ': ' char ', ' nullbooleanfield ': ' bool ', ' Onetoonefield ': ' Integer ', ' PositiveintegeRfield ': ' Integer UNSIGNED ', ' positivesmallintegerfield ': ' smallint UNSIGNED ', ' slugfield ': ' varchar  (% (max_length) s) ', ' Smallintegerfield ': ' smallint ', ' TextField ': ' Longtext ', ' Timefield ': ' Time ', ' Uuidfield ': ' char (+) ', Booleanfield (field)-Boolean type Nullbooleanfield (field):-Can    Null Boolean value Charfield (field)-character type-must provide Max_length parameter, Max_length represents character length TextField (field)-Text type Emailfield (Charfield):-String type, Django Admin and Modelform provide authentication mechanism Ipaddressfield (Field)-string type, Django admin to             and modelform provide validation IPV4 mechanism Genericipaddressfield (Field)-string type, Django admin and Modelform provide validation Ipv4 and Ipv6-parameters: protocol, used to specify Ipv4 or Ipv6, ' both ', ' IPv4 ', ' IPv6 ' Unpack_ipv4, if specified as true, enter:: ffff:192.0.2.1, can be resolved to 192.0 .2.1, open thorn function, need protocol= "both" Urlfield (Charfield)-string type, Django admin and Modelform provide authentication URL Slugfield (Charfield )-String type, DjangoThe admin and Modelform provide validation support letters, numbers, underscores, connectors (minus) Commaseparatedintegerfield (Charfield)-string types, which must be formatted as comma-separated numbers Uuidfiel d (field)-String type, Django Admin and Modelform provide validation of UUID format Filepathfield (field)-String, Django Admin and Modelform                Provides the ability to read files under a folder-parameters: path, folder path Match=none, regular match Recursive=false, recursive below folder Allow_files=true, allow file Allow_fol Ders=false, allow folder Filefield (Field)-string, path saved in database, file upload to specified directory-parameter: upload_to = "" Upload        Save path for file storage = None Storage component, default Django.core.files.storage.FileSystemStorage ImageField (Filefield) -String, the path is saved in the database, the file is uploaded to the specified directory-parameter: upload_to = "" The Save path of the uploaded file storage = None Storage component, default Djang   O.core.files.storage.filesystemstorage Width_field=none, upload a picture of the height of the Saved database field name (string) height_field=none  The width of the uploaded image saved database field name (string)  Datetimefield (Datefield)-date + time format Yyyy-mm-dd Hh:mm[:ss[.uuuuuu]][tz] Datefield (datetimecheckmixin, Field) -Date format Yyyy-mm-dd Timefield (datetimecheckmixin, Field)-time format hh:mm[:ss[.uuuuuu]] Durationfield (field)-long integer, time interval, database in accordance with bigint storage, ORM Gets the value of Datetime.timedelta type Floatfield (field)-floating-point type Decimalfield (F        Ield)-10 decimal Places-parameters: max_digits, fractional total length decimal_places, decimal length Binaryfield (Field) -Binary Type field

Note:

Emailfield is used for Django admin authentication.
　　
　　

Four: Field parameters

Null if the field in the database can be empty db_column the column name of the field in the database db_tablespace

 Default value of the field in the default database Primary_key whether the field in the database is a primary key db_index the field in the database can be indexed unique Whether a field in the database can establish a unique index in the Unique_for_date database whether the field "date" section can establish a unique index unique_for_month the field "month" in the database can establish a unique index UN Ique_for_year whether the field "year" section in the database can establish a unique index verbose_name the field name displayed in Admin blank admin to allow user input as empty ed Itable Admin can edit help_text admin in the field of the prompt information choices Admin Display the contents of the selection box, with the non-volatile data in memory in order to avoid Avoid cross-table operations such as: GF = models. Integerfield (choices=[(0, ' Spike '), (1, ' big Cousin '),],default=1) Error_messages custom error messages (dictionary type) to customize the error message you want to display; Dictionary health: null, blank, invalid, Invalid_choice, unique, and unique_for_date such as: {' null ': ' cannot be empty. ' ' Invalid ': ' Malformed '} validators custom error validation (list type) to customize the desired validation rule from Django.core.validators Imp ORT regexvalidator from django.core.validators import Emailvalidator,urlvalidatoR,decimalvalidator, Maxlengthvalidator,minlengthvalidator,maxvaluevalidator,minvaluevalidator such as: Test = models. Charfield (max_length=32, error_messages={ ' C1 ': ' Priority error message 1 ', ' C2 ': ' Priority error message 2 ', ' C 3 ': ' Priority error message 3 ',}, validators=[ Regexvalidator (regex= ' root_\d+ ', message= ' wrong ', code= ' C1 '), Regexvalidator (regex= ') Root_112233\d+ ', message= ' again wrong ', code= ' C2 '), Emailvalidator (message= ' again wrong ', Code= ' C3 '), ])     Unique_for_date #只对时间做索引
Unique_for_month #只对月分做索引
Unique_for_year
Auto_now #更新时, automatically updated to the current time
Auto_now_add #创建时, automatically generated

Note: Auto_now,auto_now_add,choince uses

Obj=usergroup.objects.filter (id=1). Update (caption= "CEO") #这种方式utime不会更新

    #下面方式更新 utime    obj=usergroup.objects.filter (id=1). Filter ()    obj.caption= "CEO"    Obj.save ()

    Auto_now  #更新时, automatically updated to the current time    Auto_now_add #创建时, automatically generated    class UserGroup (models. Model):        uid=models. Autofield (primary_key=true)        caption=models. Charfield (max_length=32)        ctime=models. Datetimefield (auto_now_add=true,null=true)        utime=models. Datetimefield (auto_now=true,null=true)            obj=usergroup.objects.filter (id=1). Update (caption= "CEO") # This way utime is not updated    #下面方式更新 utime    obj=usergroup.objects.filter (id=1). Filter ()    obj.caption= "CEO"    Obj.save ()    choices, show the dropdown box to Django Admin, avoid querying         user_type_choices= (            (1, "Super User"), (             2, "Normal user"),            (3, "paving user"),            ) #这里是放在内存里面        user_type_id=models. Integerfield (choices=user_type_choices,default=1) #给django admin display drop-down box, avoid the table query

One: Orm Relational Object Mapping (object relational Mapping, abbreviation ORM)