POJ 1655 Balancing Act (tree center of gravity), pojbalancing

POJ 1655 Balancing Act (tree center of gravity), pojbalancing
Balancing Act

Time Limit:1000 MS		Memory Limit:65536 K
Total Submissions:14062		Accepted:5937

Description

Consider a tree T with N (1 <= N <= 20,000) nodes numbered 1... n. deleting any node from the tree yields a forest: a collection of one or more trees. define the balance of a node to be the size of the largest tree in the forest T created by deleting that node from T.
For example, consider the tree:

Deleting node 4 yields two trees whose member nodes are {5} and {1, 2, 3, 6, 7 }. the larger of these two trees has five nodes, thus the balance of node 4 is five. deleting node 1 yields a forest of three trees of equal size: {2, 6}, {3, 7}, and {4, 5 }. each of these trees has two nodes, so the balance of node 1 is two.

For each input tree, calculate the node that has the minimum balance. If multiple nodes have equal balance, output the one with the lowest number.

Input

The first line of input contains a single integer t (1 <= t <= 20), the number of test cases. the first line of each test case contains an integer N (1 <= N <= 20,000), the number of congruence. the next N-1 lines each contains two space-separated node numbers that are the endpoints of an edge in the tree. no edge will be listed twice, and all edges will be listed.

Output

For each test case, print a line containing two integers, the number of the node with minimum balance and the balance of that node.

Sample Input

172 61 21 44 53 73 1

Sample Output

1 2

Source

POJ Monthly -- 2004.05.15 IOI 2003 sample task dp calculates the center of gravity of the tree: We first find the size of all the subtree of each node. Then, use n-size [pos] to calculate the size of the ancestor and determine the size.

 1 #include<iostream> 2 #include<cstdio> 3 #include<cstring> 4 #include<cmath> 5 #define lli long long int  6 using namespace std; 7 const int MAXN=2000001; 8 const int maxn=0x7fffff; 9 void read(int &n)10 {11     char c='+';int x=0;bool flag=0;12     while(c<'0'||c>'9'){c=getchar();if(c=='-')flag=1;}13     while(c>='0'&&c<='9')14     x=(x<<1)+(x<<3)+c-48,c=getchar();15     flag==1?n=-x:n=x;16 }17 struct node18 {19     int u,v,w,nxt;20 }edge[MAXN];21 int head[MAXN];22 int num=1;23 int size[MAXN];24 int ans=maxn;25 int out=maxn;26 int n;27 int mx[MAXN];28 void add_edge(int x,int y)29 {30     edge[num].u=x;31     edge[num].v=y;32     edge[num].nxt=head[x];33     head[x]=num++;34 }35 void dfs(int pos,int fa)36 {37 //    cout<<pos<<endl;38     size[pos]=1;39     int now=0;40     for(int i=head[pos];i!=-1;i=edge[i].nxt)41     {42         43         if(edge[i].v!=fa)44         {45             dfs(edge[i].v,pos);46             size[pos]+=size[edge[i].v];47             mx[pos]=max(mx[pos],size[edge[i].v]);48         }49     }50     mx[pos]=max(mx[pos],n-size[pos]);51     if(mx[pos]<mx[ans])52         ans=pos;53     if(mx[pos]==mx[ans]&&pos<ans)54         ans=pos;55 }56 int  main()57 {58     int T;59     read(T);60     while(T--)61     {62         read(n);63         //cout<<maxn<<endl;64         num=1;65         memset(head,-1,sizeof(head));66         memset(size,0,sizeof(size));67         memset(mx,0,sizeof(mx));68         mx[0]=maxn;69         ans=0;70         for(int i=1;i<=n-1;i++)71         {72             int x,y,z;73              read(x);read(y);74              add_edge(x,y);75              add_edge(y,x);76         }77         dfs(1,0);78         printf("%d %d\n",ans,mx[ans]);    79         80     } 81     return 0;82 }