[Private manual] Linux Command __linux

Tar

[Root@linux ~]# tar [-cxtzjvfppn] files and directories ....

Simple to say:

Compress

TAR-CVF Jpg.tar *.jpg//pack all JPG files in the directory into tar.jpg 

tar-czf jpg.tar.gz *.jpg   // After packaging all the JPG files in the directory into Jpg.tar and using gzip compression, generate a gzip-compressed package named jpg.tar.gz

 TAR-CJF jpg.tar.bz2 *.jpg/ After packaging all the JPG files in the directory into Jpg.tar and compressing them with bzip2, generate a bzip2 compressed package named jpg.tar.bz2 tar-czf jpg.tar.z *.jpg   / After packing all the JPG files in the directory into Jpg.tar, and compressing them with compress, it generates a umcompress compressed package, named Jpg.tar.z

rar a jpg.rar *.jpg//rar format compression, Need to download

the RAR for Linux zip jpg.zip *.jpg//zip format compression, first download zip for Linux

Decompression

TAR-XVF File.tar//Decompression tar packets
TAR-XZVF file.tar.gz//decompression tar.gz
TAR-XJVF file.tar.bz2   //decompression tar.bz2
tar -XZVF File.tar.z   //extract tar. Z
unrar e file.rar/decompression rar
unzip file.zip//Unzip zip

Summarize:

1, *.tar with TAR-XVF decompression
2, *.gz with gzip-d or Gunzip decompression
3, *.tar.gz and *.tgz with TAR-XZF decompression
4, *.bz2 with bzip2-d or with BUNZIP2 Decompression
5, *.tar.bz2 with TAR-XJF decompression
6, *. Z with uncompress decompression
7, *.tar. Z with TAR-XZF decompression
8, *.rar with Unrar e decompression
9, *.zip with unzip decompression

Detailed parameters:

-C: Create a compressed file parameter instructions (create);-
x: Unlock a parameter instruction for a compressed file. -
t: View the files inside the tarfile.

in particular, it is noted that c/x/t can only exist in the release of a parameter. Cannot exist at the same time.
because it is not possible to compress and decompress at the same time. -

Z: Whether to have gzip properties at the same time. That is, whether you need to use gzip compression.
-j: Whether to have bzip2 properties at the same time. That is to use bzip2 compression. -
V: Displays files during compression. This is commonly used, but is not recommended for use in background execution processes. -
F: Use file name, please note that after F to immediately pick up the file name Oh. Don't add any more parameters.　　　
For example, the use of "TAR-ZCVFP tfile sfile" is the wrong way to write
"TAR-ZCVPF tfile sfile" is right. -
P: Use original properties of the original file (properties are not changed according to the consumer)-
p: You can compress using an absolute path. -
N: Newer than the following date (YYYY/MM/DD) will be packaged into the newly created file.
--exclude file: Do not package file in the process of compression.

Example:
Example one: Package all the files in the/etc directory into a/tmp/etc.tar

[Root@linux ~]# tar-cvf/tmp/etc.tar/etc <== packaged only, not compressed.
[Root@linux ~]# tar-zcvf/tmp/etc.tar.gz/etc <== packaged, gzip compressed
[Root@linux ~]# tar-jcvf/tmp/etc.tar.bz2/etc <== packaged to bzip2 compression
# Note that the file name after the parameter F is taken by itself, and we are accustomed to using. Tar as a recognition.
# If you add the z parameter, you can use. tar.gz or. tgz to represent the gzip-compressed tar file ~
# If the J parameter is added, then the. tar.bz2 as the file name ~
# The above instructions, when executed, will display a warning message:
# "tar:removing leading '/' from member names" That's a special set of absolute paths.

Example two: Refer to the documents in the above/tmp/etc.tar.gz document.

[Root@linux ~]# tar-ztvf/tmp/etc.tar.gz
# because we use gzip compression, so when we look at the files in the tar file, we have to
add the z parameter. It's very important.

Example three: Unzip the/tmp/etc.tar.gz file under/USR/LOCAL/SRC

[Root@linux ~]# cd/usr/local/src
[root@linux src]# tar-zxvf/tmp/etc.tar.gz
# in the case of a preset, we can undo the compression file anywhere. In this example,
# I first transform the working directory underneath the/USR/LOCAL/SRC, and unlock the/tmp/etc.tar.gz,
# The catalog will be unlocked in/usr/local/src/etc. In addition, if you enter/usr/local/src/etc
# You will find that the file properties in this directory may be different from the/etc/.

Example four: under/tmp, I just want to untie the etc/passwd in the/tmp/etc.tar.gz.

[Root@linux ~]# cd/tmp
[root@linux tmp]# tar-zxvf/tmp/etc.tar.gz etc/passwd
# I can check the file name in TAR-ZTVF through Tarfile Said, if only one file,
# can be issued in this way. noticed that. The root directory within the etc.tar.gz/was taken away.

Example five: Back up all the files in the/etc/and save their permissions.

[Root@linux ~]# tar-zxvpf/tmp/etc.tar.gz/etc
# This attribute is important, especially if you want to preserve the properties of the original file.

Example six: In/home, a new file is backed up in 2005/06/01

[Root@linux ~]# tar-n ' 2005/06/01 '-ZCVF home.tar.gz/home

Example seven: I want to back up/home,/etc, but don't/home/dmtsai

[Root@linux ~]# tar--exclude/home/dmtsai-zcvf myfile.tar.gz/home/*/etc

Example eight: The/etc/is packaged and unpacked directly underneath/TMP without producing a file.

[Root@linux ~]# cd/tmp
[root@linux tmp]# tar-cvf-/etc | tar-xvf-
# This action is a bit like cp-r/etc/tmp ~ still has its purpose.
# The place to notice in the output file becomes-and the input file becomes-, and there is a | exist ~
# This represents standard output, standard input and Pipeline command.
# This Part we'll talk about this instruction again when we Bash the shell.

Jot

Installation: sudo apt-get install Athena-jot
Command:

Jot:jot-print sequential or random data
usage:  jot [Options] [Reps [begin [end [S]]]]
Options:
  -r      Random Data # random number-
    c      character data #-
    n      no final newline-
    b word     repeated word -
    W Word context     Word-
    s string   data separator-
    p Precision    number of characters

Used to print sequences or random data.

Eg: produces random numbers between 1-4:
Jot-r 1 1 4

root@amax-02:~$ jot-r 1 1 4
1
root@amax-02:~$ jot-r 1 1 4 2 root@amax-02:~$
jot-r 1 1
4 2
root@ amax-02:~$ jot-r 1 1 4
2
root@amax-02:~$ jot-r 1 1 4 4 root@amax-02:~$
jot-r 1 1
4 2
Root@ama x:~$ jot-r 1 1 4
1
root@amax:~$ jot-r 1 1 4
3
root@amax:~$ jot-r 1
1 4 1

basename

Usage: basename name [suffix]
or: basename option
Print name with any leading directory components removed.
If specified, also remove a trailing SUFFIX.

The required parameters apply to the length and duration options.
  -A,--multiple       support multiple arguments and treat each as a NAME
  -S,--suffix=suffix  remove a trailing SUFFIX
  -Z,--zero           separate output with NUL rather than, newline and--help to        Display this help information and exit
      --version     display version information and exit

Examples:
  basename/usr/bin/sort          -> "Sort"
  basename include/stdio.h. h     -> "Stdio"
  Basename-s. h include/stdio.h  -> "stdio" basename-a any/str1 any/str2->   "str1" followed by "str2"

Please report basename errors
to bug-coreutils@gnu.org. Homepage of the GNU coreutils:
 
variable self-increasing 
#!/bin/sh

a=1
a=$ (($a + 1))
a=$[$a +1]
a= ' expr $a + 1 ' let
a++ let
a+=1
((a++))
Echo $a
 
if 
-eq #等于
-ne #不等于
-gt #大于
-ge #大于等于
-lt #小于
-le #小于等于
<   #小于 (requires double brackets)
<=  #小于等于 (requires double brackets)
> #大于 (requires double brackets)
>=  #大于等于 (double brackets required)
 
If [a > B];then
(Remember the blanks.) string spin digits

How to convert a string to a number in the shell.
For example: a= "024"

1, with ${{a}}

2, with Let to achieve (()) Operation effect.

Let num=0123;
echo $num; 
83
 
3, double bracket operator:

a=$ ((1+2));

echo $a;
 
Equivalent to:

A= ' expr 1 + 2 '
 
And the numbers will default to string processing.

Variable with single quote "Variable string"

I=1

echo ' $i ';
 
Output: $