Python built-in functions (66) -- vars, python built-in 66 vars

Python built-in functions (66) -- vars, python built-in 66 vars

English document:

vars([ Object])

Return __dict__Attribute for a module, class, instance, or any other object with __dict__Attribute.

Objects such as modules and instances have an updateable __dict__Attribute; however, other objects may have write restrictions on their __dict__Attributes (for example, classes use a dictproxy to prevent direct dictionary updates ).

Without an argument, vars()Acts like locals(). Note, the locals dictionary is only useful for reads since updates to the locals dictionary are ignored.

Description

1. When a function does not receive parameters, the function returns local variables in the current scope in the same way as the locals function.

# The same as the locals function without parameters >>> v1 = vars () >>> l1 = locals () >>>> v1 {'_ name __': '_ main _', '_ builtins _': <module 'builtins '(built-in)>, 'v1 ':{...}, 'l1 ':{...}, '_ spec _': None, '_ doc _': None, '_ package _': None, '_ loader __': <class '_ frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter' >}>> l1 {'_ name _': '_ main _', '_ builtins __': <module 'builtins '(built-in)>, 'v1 ':{...}, 'l1 ':{...}, '_ spec _': None, '_ doc _': None, '_ package _': None, '_ loader __': <class '_ frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>}

2. When a function receives a parameter, the parameter can be a module, class, or class instance, or an object that defines the _ dict _ attribute.

# Apply to the module >>> import time >>> vars (time) {'gmtime': <built-in function gmtime>, 'tzname ': ('ö~~ú± ± × ¼ ± ¼ ä', 'ö~~ú~äáá ± '), 'timezone':-28800, 'struct _ time': <class 'time. struct_time '>, 'ctime': <built-in function ctime>, 'perf _ counter': <built-in function perf_counter>, 'mktime ': <built-in function mktime>, 'localtime': <built-in function localtime>, 'time': <built-in function time>, '_ package __': '', 'altzone':-32400, 'clock ': <built-in function clock>, 'strptime': <built-in function strptime>, 'monotonic ': <built-in function monotonic>, '_ loader _': <class '_ frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>, 'Get _ clock_info ': <built-in function get_clock_info>, 'Sleep ': <built-in function sleep>, 'process _ time': <built-in function process_time>,' _ name _ ': 'time ', '_ STRUCT_TM_ITEMS': 9, '_ spec _': ModuleSpec (name = 'time', loader = <class '_ frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>, origin = 'Built-in'), '_ doc _': 'This module provides varous functions to manipulate time values. \ n \ nThere are two standard representations of time. one is the number \ nof seconds since the Epoch, in UTC (a.k. a. GMT ). it may be an integer \ nor a floating point number (to represent fractions of seconds ). \ nThe Epoch is system-defined; on Unix, it is generally January 1st, 1970. \ nThe actual value can be retrieved by calling gmtime (0 ). \ n \ nThe other representation is a tuple of 9 integers giving local time. \ nThe tuple items are: \ n year (including century, e.g. 1998) \ n month (1-12) \ n day (1-31) \ n hours (0-23) \ n minutes (0-59) \ n seconds (0-59) \ n weekday (0-6, Monday is 0) \ n Julian day (day in the year, 1-366) \ n DST (Daylight Savings Time) flag (-1, 0 or 1) \ nIf the DST flag is 0, the time is given in the regular time zone; \ nif it is 1, the time is given in the DST time zone; \ nif it is-1, mktime () shoshould guess based on the date and time. \ n \ nVariables: \ n \ ntimezone -- difference in seconds between UTC and local standard time \ naltzone -- difference in seconds between UTC and local DST time \ ndaylight -- whether local time shocould reflect DST \ ntzname -- tuple (standard time zone name, DST time zone name) \ n \ nFunctions: \ n \ ntime () -- return current time in seconds since the Epoch as a float \ nclock () -- return CPU time since process start as a float \ nsleep () -- delay for a number of seconds given as a float \ ngmtime () -- convert seconds since Epoch to UTC tuple \ nlocaltime () -- convert seconds since Epoch to local time tuple \ nasctime () -- convert time tuple to string \ nctime () -- convert time in seconds to string \ nmktime () -- convert local time tuple to seconds since Epoch \ nstrftime () -- convert time tuple to string according to format specification \ nstrptime () -- parse string to time tuple according to format specification \ ntzset () -- change the local timezone ', 'strftime': <built-in function strftime>, 'asctime ': <built-in function asctime>, 'daylight ': 0} # act on class >>> vars (slice) mappingproxy ({' _ ne __': <slot wrapper '_ ne _' of 'slice 'objects>, '_ getattribute __': <slot wrapper '_ getattribute _' of 'slice 'objects>, '_ reduce __': <method '_ reduce _' of 'slice 'objects>, 'start': <member 'start' of 'slice 'objects>, 'indices ': <method 'indices' of 'slice 'objects>, '_ ge _': <slot wrapper '_ ge _' of 'slice 'objects>, 'stop': <member 'stop' of 'slice 'objects>, '_ eq __': <slot wrapper '_ eq _' of 'slice 'objects>, 'step': <member 'step' of 'slice 'objects>, '_ hash _': None, '_ doc _': 'slice (stop) \ nslice (start, stop [, step]) \ n \ nCreate a slice object. this is used for extended slicing (e.g. a []). ',' _ repr _ ': <slot wrapper' _ repr _ 'of 'slice 'objects>,' _ le __': <slot wrapper '_ le _' of 'slice 'objects>, '_ gt __': <slot wrapper '_ gt _' of 'slice 'objects>, '_ new __': <built-in method _ new _ of type object at 0x6A91B420>, '_ lt __': <slot wrapper '_ lt _' of 'slice 'objects >}) # applies to class instances >>> class A (object): pass >>>. _ dict __{}>>> vars (a) {}>>. name = 'Kim '>. _ dict __{ 'name': 'Kim '} >>> vars (a) {'name': 'Kim '}