Python built-in functions _ Mathematical operations Classes

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Abs

ABS (x)

Seek absolute value

· X can be an integer, or it can be a complex number

· If x is a complex number, the modulus of the complex number is returned

>>> ABS ( -1) 1>>> abs ( -3+4J) 5.0>>>

Bin

Bin (x)

Converts an integer x to a binary string

>>> Bin (2) ' 0b10 ' >>> bin (3) ' 0B11 '

bool

BOOL ([x])

Convert X to Boolean type

In Python, the number 0 , the empty string , or none all represent False .

So there are the following operating effects

>>> bool (None)false>>> bool (1)True>>> bool (0)false >>> bool (')True>>> bool (')false>>> bool ()false

Complex

Complex ([real[, Imag]])

Creates a complex object that has important two properties, real and imag ,

Representing real and imaginary parts respectively, and calculating the modulus of complex objects can be used ABS function

Related operations for complex numbers and Cmath modules

>>> a = complex (4) >>> a

(4+0j) >>> B = Complex (4,3) >>> b

(4+3j) >>> a.real #实部4 .0>>> b.imag #虚部3 .0>>> Complex (' 2 ')

(2+0J) >>> complex (' 2+1j ')

(2+1j)

Divmod

Divmod (A, B)

A is dividend, B is divisor, and the result of division AB is the quotient and remainder respectively.

Note: integral, floating-point types can be

Returns a tuple that contains quotient and remainder

>>> divmod(5,3)

(1, 2)

Float

float ([x])

Converts a string or number to a float. If no parameter is returned 0.0

>>> float (' 37.21 ') 37.21>>> float (0x33) 51.0>>> float (' -1234\n ')

-1234.0>>> float (' 1e-003 ') 0.001>>> float (' +inf ')

inf>>> float ('-inf ')

-inf>>> float () 0.0

Hex

Hex (x)

Convert a number to 16 binary

>>> Hex (+) ' 0x10 '

Int

int ([x[, Base]])

You can convert a floating-point or numeric character to a specified binary integer

Converts a character to an int type, and base represents the binary

>>> int (' + ', +) 18>>> int (' 2 ', +) 2>>> int (' 2 ', 8) 2>>> int (' 0xa ', +) 10>> > Int (12.0) 12

Long

Long ([x[, Base]])

You can convert a floating-point number or integer character to a long integer that is specified as a binary.

Converts a character to a long type , and base represents the binary

Long and short integers are not strictly distinguished in Python, and the Integer is followed by L when it represents a long integer, or greater than 2 147 483 647 represents the long integer type

>>> Long (' 2 ', 8) 18l>>> long (' 2 ', 2l>>>) 2l>>> long (' 0xa ', 10L) >>> Long (12.0) 12l>>> type (2147483647)

>>> type (2147483648)

Oct

Oct (x)

Convert a number to 8 binary

>>> Oct (16) ' 020 '

Pow

Pow (x, y[, z])

The function is to calculate the Y-side of X, and if z is present, the result is modeled and the result is equivalent to pow (x, y)%z

Note: The POW () is called directly through the built-in method, and the built-in method takes the parameter as an integer, and the math module converts the parameter to float.

>>> Pow (2,2,2) 0>>> pow (2,2) 4>>> import math>>> type (Math.pow (2,2))

>>> type (POW (2,2))

Round

Round (x[, N])

Rounded

X represents the original number, and N represents the number of decimal digits to be obtained.

>>> round (math.pi,2) 3.14>>> round (math.pi,7) 3.1415927

Sum

Sum (iterable[, start])

Sum the collection elements

Iterable represents the set, if there is a start for subscript, the last number does not take

>>> L = Range (5) >>> L

[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]>>> sum (l) 10>>> sum (l,-4) 6

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Python built-in functions _ Mathematical operations Classes