[Python] python common functions

UrlEncode and UrlDecode

When the URL contains Chinese or the parameter contains Chinese, the Chinese or special characters (/, &) need to be encoded for conversion.
The essence of UrlEncode: Convert the string to GBK encoding, and then replace the \x with%. If the terminal is UTF8 encoded, you need to turn the result into a UTF8 output, otherwise it will be garbled.

UrlEncode

The UrlEncode function inside the Urllib library can urlencode and convert the key and value of the Key-value health value to the a=1&b=2 string.

#key-value健值对>>> from urllib import urlencode>>> data={'a':'a1','b':'中文'}>>> print urlencode(data)a=a1&b=%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87>>> data={'a':'a1','b测试':'中文'}>>> print urlencode(data)a=a1&b%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95=%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87

The quote function inside the Urllib library can be UrlEncode converted to a single string.

#string>>> from urllib import quote>>> data="测试">>> print quote(data)%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95

UrlDecode

Urllib only provides the unquote () function.

>>> from urllib import unquote>>> unquote("%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95")'\xe6\xb5\x8b\xe8\xaf\x95'>>> print unquote("%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95")测试>>>

JSON processing

Two functions:

function	Description
Json.dumps	Encode a Python object as a JSON string (Object---string)
Json.loads	Decodes an encoded JSON string into a Python object (string--object)

Json.dumps

Syntax: Json.dumps (data, Sort_keys=true, indent=4,separators= (Self.item_separator, Self.key_separator))

>>> import json>>> data={"a":"a1","b":"b1"}>>> jsonstr=json.dumps(data)>>> print jsonstr{"a": "a1", "b": "b1"}#输出格式化>>> print json.dumps(data, sort_keys=True, indent=4,separators=(",",":")){    "a":"a1",    "b":"b1"}>>>

The conversion table of the Python primitive type to JSON type:

Python	JSON
Dict	Object
List,tuple	Array
Str,unicode	String
Int,long,float	Number
True	True
False	False
None	Null

Json.loads

json.loads--returns the data type of the Python field

>>> import json>>> jsonstr='{"a":"a1","b":"b1"}'>>> print json.loads(jsonstr){u'a': u'a1', u'b': u'b1'}>>> jsonstr='{"a":"a1","b":null,"c":false,"d":{"aa":"aa1","bb":"bb1"}}'>>> print json.loads(jsonstr){u'a': u'a1', u'c': False, u'b': None, u'd': {u'aa': u'aa1', u'bb': u'bb1'}}>>> jsonstr='[{"a":"a1"},{"b":"b2"}]'>>> print json.loads(jsonstr)[{u'a': u'a1'}, {u'b': u'b2'}]

JSON type conversion to Python type comparison table

JSON	Python
Object	Dict
Array	List
String	Unicode
Number (int)	Int,long
Number (real)	Float
True	True
False	False
Null	None

Conclusion: Print only outputs Python-recognized data types, and python.dumps can format the output.

Computes the string MD5

Method One: Use the MD5 package

import md5def calMd5(signdata,signkey,joiner=""):    signdata=signdata+joiner+""+signkey    m=md5.new(signdata)    sign = m.hexdigest()    return sign

Method Two: Use the Hashlib package

import hashlibdef calHashMd5(signdata,signkey,joiner=""):    signdata=signdata+joiner+""+signkey    m=hashlib.md5(signdata)    sign = m.hexdigest()    return sign

Calculate HMACSHA1

HMAC: Key-related hash operation message authentication code, the HMAC operation takes advantage of a hashing algorithm (either MD5 or SHA-1), with a key and a message as input, generating a message digest as output.

Role:
(1) Verifying the accepted authorization data and authentication data;
(2) Confirm that the received command request is an authorized request and that the transfer process has not been tampered with

import hmacimport base64def hmacSha1WithBase64(signdata,signkey):    sign = hmac.new(signkey, signdata,sha1).digest()    sign = base64.b64encode(sign)    return sign

string concatenation

from collections import OrderedDictdef composeStr(data,joiner,withkey=True,key_value_joiner="="):    data = OrderedDict(sorted(data.items(), key=lambda t:t[0]))    if withkey :        signdata = joiner.join([key_value_joiner.join((str(key), str(elem))) for key, elem in data.iteritems()])    else :        signdata= joiner.join([elem for key, elem in data.items()])    return signdata

[Python] python common functions