Python Several special functions map filter reduce lambda

A lambda function is also called an anonymous function , that is, the function does not have a specific name. Let's take a look at one of the simplest examples:

def f (x):
Return x**2
Print F (4)

Using lambda in Python, it's written like this

g = Lambda x:x**2
Print g (4)

Lambda expressions have a corresponding implementation in many programming languages. such as C #:

var g = x = X**2
Console.WriteLine (g (4))

So what is the use of lambda expressions? Many people have questioned that lambda, compared to normal functions, eliminates the function name, while such anonymous functions cannot be shared elsewhere. It's true thatLambda does not play a big role in the dynamic language of Python, because there are many other ways to replace Lambda. at the same time, the use of lambda notation is sometimes less pythonic. It is even suggested that after the Python version to cancel the lambda.

Looking back, does the lambda in Python really come into play? In fact not, at least I can think of the point, mainly have:

1. When using Python to write some execution scripts, using lambda eliminates the process of defining a function and makes the code more streamlined.

2. For some abstract functions that are not reused elsewhere, sometimes it is difficult to name a function, and using lambda does not have to consider naming problems.

3. Using lambda makes the code easier to understand at some point.

Lambda Basics

in a lambda statement, the colon is preceded by a parameter, which can have multiple, separated by commas, and a return value to the right of the colon . The lambda statement is actually built as a function object , witnessing:

g = Lambda x:x**2
Print g
<function <lambda> at0x00afaaf0>

C#3.0 begins with a lambda expression, eliminating the hassle of using delegate. The lambda expression keyword in C # is => look at one of the following examples:

var array = new int[] {2, 3, 5, 7, 9};
var result = array. Where (n = n > 3);//[5, 6, 9]

C # uses extension methods to make the array object have a convenient way like where,sum. in Python, there are also several well-defined global functions that are easy to use, and they are filter,map, reduce.

>>> foo = [2, 18, 9, 22, 17, 24, 8, 12, 27]
>>>
>>> Print filter (lambda x:x% 3 = = 0,foo)
[18, 9, 24, 12, 27]
>>>
>>> Print map (Lambda x:x * 2 + 10,foo)
[14, 46, 28, 54, 44, 58, 26, 34, 64]
>>>
>>> print Reduce (lambda x, y:x + y,foo)
139

Not lambda?

The map in the example above has the same function as the where extension method in C #, which is very simple and convenient. But does Python have to use lambda to make this simple? Fs[3] (4)
13
>>> Fs[4] (4)
13
>>> Fs[5] (4)
13

The result did not meet the man's expectations, and the expected result would be:

>>> Fs[3] (4)
7
>>> Fs[4] (4)
8
>>> Fs[5] (4)
9

The problem is actually on the variable i. The code above is a simple, reduced version that does not use lambda:

i = 1
Def FS (n):
return n + I
Print FS (1) # 2
i = 2
Print FS (1) # 3

As you can see, the reason above is not expected is that I in Lambda uses a global variable outside of the anonymous function. Modify:

FS = [(lambda n, i=i:i+ N) for I in range (10)]
>>> Fs[3] (4)
7
>>> Fs[4] (4)
8
>>> Fs[5] (4)
9

Python Several special functions map filter reduce lambda