Python string formatting

The Python string format operator (%) applies only to string types, very similar to the string formatting of the printf () function in the C language, and even the symbols used are the same as the percent sign (%), and all of the printf ()-formatted operations are supported.

Features formatted strings are included in many programming languages, such as formatted input and output in C and Fortran languages. In Python, there is a built-in operation to format strings.

Template

When formatting a string, Python uses a string as a template. There are format characters in the template that are reserved for the real value and indicate the format in which the real values should be rendered. Python uses a tuple to pass multiple values to the template, and each value corresponds to a format character.

For example, the following examples:

The code is as follows:

Print (' I ' m%s. I ' m%d year old '% (' Vamei ', 99))

In the example above,

"I ' m%s. I ' m%d year old ' for our template. %s is the first format character, representing a string. %d is the second format character, representing an integer. The two elements ' Vamei ' and 99 (' Vamei ', 99) are the true values for the replacement of%s and%d.

Between the template and the tuple, there is a% number separator, which represents the formatting operation.

Entire ' I ' m%s. I ' m%d year old '% (' Vamei ', 99) actually constitutes a string expression. We can assign it to a variable like a normal string. Like what:

The code is as follows:

A = "I ' m%s." I ' m%d year old '% (' Vamei ', 99)

Print (a)

We can also use dictionaries to pass true values. As follows:

The code is as follows:

Print ("I ' m% (name) s." I ' m% (age) D-old '% {' name ': ' Vamei ', ' Age ': 99})

As you can see, we've named two format characters. Name is enclosed with (). A key for each named corresponding dictionary.

Format character

The format character reserves the position for the true value and controls the format of the display. A format character can contain a type code that controls the type of display, as follows:

%s string (with str () display)

%r string (shown with repr ())

%c single character

%b binary integer

%d decimal integer

%i Decimal Integer

%o octal integers

%x Hex Integer

%e index (base written as E)

%E index (base written as E)

%f floating-point numbers

%F floating-point number, same as on

%g index (e) or floating-point number (depending on the display length)

%G Index (E) or floating-point number (depending on the display length)

Percent% character "%"

You can further control the format in the following ways:

%[(name)][flags][width]. [Precision]typecode

(name) is named

Flags can have +,-, ' or 0. + Represents the right alignment. -Represents the left alignment. "is a space that indicates that a space is padded to the left of a positive number to align with a negative number. 0 indicates the use of 0 padding.

Width represents display widths

Precision indicates precision after a decimal point

Like what:

The code is as follows:

Print ("%+10x"% 10)

Print ("%04d"% 5)

Print ("%6.3f"% 2.3)

The width above, precision to two integers. We can use the * to dynamically substitute these two quantities. Like what:

The code is as follows:

Print ("%.*f"% (4, 1.2))

Python actually replaces * with 4来. So the actual template is "%.4f".

Example:

The code is as follows:

In [1]: '% (name) s is% (age) s '% {' name ': ' Bob ', ' Age ': 12}

OUT[1]: ' Bob is 12 '

In [2]: '%s is%s '% ("Bob", "13")

OUT[2]: ' Bob is 13 '

In [6]: ' {0} is {1} '. Format ("Bob", "14")

OUT[6]: ' Bob is 14 '

In [7]: ' {name} ' is ' {age} '. Format (name= "Bob", age= "15")

OUT[7]: ' Bob is 15 '

Summarize

The% operator built into Python can be used to format string manipulation and control the rendering format of strings. There are other ways to format strings in Python, but the% operator is the easiest to use.

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