Quick Reference for common Linux commands

1. Start, shut down, log on, and log out commands

[Login] Logon

[Logout] logout

[Exit] logout

[Shutdown] Stop the system

[Halt] Stop the system

[Reboot] restart

[Poweroff] power off

[Sync] writes content in memory to disk

[Lilo] install lilo to start the hypervisor

[Grub] install lilo to start the hypervisor

2. shell commands

[CHSH] switch Shell

[History] display command resume

[Alias] SET command alias

[Unalias] cancelling command alias

[Which] display the command location

[Type] query command types

[Echo] display string or variable content

[Set] Set/Display Shell Variables

[Printenv] display environment variables

[Export] Set Environment Variables

[ENV] Set temporary environment variables

[Unset] Release Environment Variables

[Setenv] Set Environment Variables

[Unsetenv] Release Environment Variables

[Source] commands in the execution File

[Man] query command Manual

[Info] query hypertext command Manual

[Whatis] display command Introduction

[Apropos] keyword query manual

3. User management commands

[Su] switch to another user

[Useradd] append a user

[Adduser] append user

[Userdel] deleting a user

[Usermod] modifying user settings

[Chfn] modifying user private information

[Groupadd] append Group

[Groupdel] deleting a group

[Groupmod] modify group settings

[Passwd] Change Password

[Whoami] Display User Name

[LOGNAME] displays the logon User Account

[Users] displays information about all logon users

[Who] query login user information

[W] querying login user information

[ID] displays the ID of a specified user

[Groups] displays the group to which the specified user belongs.

[Finger] displays the personal information of a specified user

[Mesg] switch to send and receive messages from others

[Write] send messages to other users

[Wall] send messages to all users

[Talk] chatting with other users

4. system message-related commands

[Top] provides real-time monitoring of system processor status

[Date] display/set the current time

[Uptime] displays the system running time

[Arch] displays the core architecture of a machine (for example, i386)

[Uname] displays operating system information

[Tty] display terminal name

[Last] display logon/logout in resume

[Lastb] displays illegal logon information

[Dumpkeys] displays the current keyboard Configuration

[Loadkeys] changing keyboard Configuration

[DF] query disk usage information

[Du] querying disk usage information

[Dmesg] displays system startup messages

[Script] Saving Input and Output to a file

V. File Operation commands

[Ls] display the file list

[Tree] display directory tree

[PWD] display current path

[Cd] changing the current path

[Pushd] append path to directory Stack

[Popd] deleting a path from the directory Stack

[Dirs] displays the contents of the Directory stack.

[Mkdir] Create path

[Rmdir] Delete path

[Cp] copy a file/directory

[RM] deleting files/Directories

[MV] Move the file/directory and modify the file name

[Chown] changing the owner of a file/directory

[Chgrp] modifying all groups of files/Directories

[Chmod] Modify file/directory permissions

[Touch] changing the file time

[LN] creating a file/directory Link

[Find] Searching for files

[Whereis] display the path name of the file

Query file types

[Size] Query file size

6. File editing commands

[Cat] display file content

[Tee] output to files and screens

[More] split-screen display of File Content

[Less] split-screen display of File Content

[Head] displays the file header content

[Tail] displays the content at the end of a file.

[Fold] Fold and display long lines

[Sort] arrange the row of a file

[CMP] Compare file content

[Diff] display file differences

[NKF] changing the Japanese file encoding

[DD] copy the changed File

[WC] count the number of words in the text and the file size.

[Split] split files

[Paste] connecting files in rows

[Join] connecting files with Fields

[Grep] query text

[Uniq] filtering duplicate parts to display file content

[Tr] Replace text

[Sed] Replace text

[VI] vi Text Editor

VII. Compression/Decompression commands

[Tar] compressed/decompressed files

[Compress] compressing/extracting files

[Uncompress] Extract

[Gzip] compressed/decompressed files

[Gunzip] decompress

[Zcat] display compressed file content

[LHA] compressing/extracting files

[Uuencode] encodes a binary file into a text file

[Uudecode] restores an encoded text file to a binary file.

8. MS-DOS tool set

[Mtools] command

[Mdir] display the file list

[MCD] changing the current directory

[MMD] creating a directory

[MRD] deleting a directory

[Mdeltree] deleting a directory tree

[Mcopy] copying objects

[Mdel] deleting objects

[Mmove] Move a file

[Mren] changing the file or directory name

[Mattrib] modifying file attributes

[Mtype] display file content

[Mdu] query the file or directory size

[Minfo] Displays disk Information

[Mformat] format disk in MS-DOS Mode

[Mlabel] setting disk labels

9. commands for controlling external devices

[Mount] mount the device

[Umount] detaches a mounted device

[Eject] pop-up (CD/DVD, etc)

[Fdformat] formatting a floppy disk

[Fdisk] Configure/display Hard Disk Partitions

[Mkfs] format Disk Partitions

[Fsck] Checking/fixing disk errors

[LPR] print to printer

[Lprm] interrupt the print task

[Lpq] displays the status of the print task

[LPC] manage/control print tasks

[Ifconfig] display/set Nic Configuration

10. Process and task management commands

[PS] displays Running Processes

[Jobs] displays Tasks running in the background

[FG] switch the task to the foreground

[BG] switch the task to the background

[Kill] abort a process or task

[Killall] abort a process or task

[Wait] waits for the process or task to end.

[At] Set scheduled task execution

[ATQ] displays unexecuted tasks

[Atrm] delete a scheduled task

[Batch] executes tasks when the system load is reduced

[Nice] changing priorities and executing tasks

[Nohup] executes tasks in the background and does not exit after logout.

[Sleep] Sleep for a certain period of time

[Crond] commands used to regularly execute programs

[Screen] The Window Manager of a physical terminal can be reused among multiple processes.

11. network management commands

[Netstat] displays the current network connection status

[Route] display/set routes

[Host] displays network host information

[Hostname] display/set the name of the current host

[Ping] confirm the connection with the remote machine

[Traceroute] displays route information

[Rwho] query login users of online machines

[Ruptime] query the system running time of online machines

[Rlogin] logging on to a remote machine

[Telnet] use Telnet to log on to a remote machine

[RSH] send commands to remote machines

[RCP] copying files between remote machines

[Mail] receive emails

[Sendmail] send an email

[Mailq] confirm the mail queue

[FTP] use ftp to transfer files

12. Other commands

[Cal] display calendar

[Clear] Clear Screen

[GCC] compile C language code

[As] Assembly

[BC] computing

[RPM] RedHat package management

[Dpkg] Debian package management

[Installpkg] install the slackware package (the DELETE command is removepkg)

[Xf86setup, turboxfg, xconfigurator] configure x Service

[Startx] Start the X-Window Graphic Interface

Note: many blogs and websites have published this article. Of course, the content is not original, but recorded only for your convenience.

1. Start, shut down, log on, and log out commands

[Login] Logon

[Logout] logout

[Exit] logout

[Shutdown] Stop the system

[Halt] Stop the system

[Reboot] restart

[Poweroff] power off

[Sync] writes content in memory to disk

[Lilo] install lilo to start the hypervisor

[Grub] install lilo to start the hypervisor

2. shell commands

[CHSH] switch Shell

[History] display command resume

[Alias] SET command alias

[Unalias] cancelling command alias

[Which] display the command location

[Type] query command types

[Echo] display string or variable content

[Set] Set/Display Shell Variables

[Printenv] display environment variables

[Export] Set Environment Variables

[ENV] Set temporary environment variables

[Unset] Release Environment Variables

[Setenv] Set Environment Variables

[Unsetenv] Release Environment Variables

[Source] commands in the execution File

[Man] query command Manual

[Info] query hypertext command Manual

[Whatis] display command Introduction

[Apropos] keyword query manual

3. User management commands

[Su] switch to another user

[Useradd] append a user

[Adduser] append user

[Userdel] deleting a user

[Usermod] modifying user settings

[Chfn] modifying user private information

[Groupadd] append Group

[Groupdel] deleting a group

[Groupmod] modify group settings

[Passwd] Change Password

[Whoami] Display User Name

[LOGNAME] displays the logon User Account

[Users] displays information about all logon users

[Who] query login user information

[W] querying login user information

[ID] displays the ID of a specified user

[Groups] displays the group to which the specified user belongs.

[Finger] displays the personal information of a specified user

[Mesg] switch to send and receive messages from others

[Write] send messages to other users

[Wall] send messages to all users

[Talk] chatting with other users

4. system message-related commands

[Top] provides real-time monitoring of system processor status

[Date] display/set the current time

[Uptime] displays the system running time

[Arch] displays the core architecture of a machine (for example, i386)

[Uname] displays operating system information

[Tty] display terminal name

[Last] display logon/logout in resume

[Lastb] displays illegal logon information

[Dumpkeys] displays the current keyboard Configuration

[Loadkeys] changing keyboard Configuration

[DF] query disk usage information

[Du] querying disk usage information

[Dmesg] displays system startup messages

[Script] Saving Input and Output to a file

V. File Operation commands

[Ls] display the file list

[Tree] display directory tree

[PWD] display current path

[Cd] changing the current path

[Pushd] append path to directory Stack

[Popd] deleting a path from the directory Stack

[Dirs] displays the contents of the Directory stack.

[Mkdir] Create path

[Rmdir] Delete path

[Cp] copy a file/directory

[RM] deleting files/Directories

[MV] Move the file/directory and modify the file name

[Chown] changing the owner of a file/directory

[Chgrp] modifying all groups of files/Directories

[Chmod] Modify file/directory permissions

[Touch] changing the file time

[LN] creating a file/directory Link

[Find] Searching for files

[Whereis] display the path name of the file

Query file types

[Size] Query file size

6. File editing commands

[Cat] display file content

[Tee] output to files and screens

[More] split-screen display of File Content

[Less] split-screen display of File Content

[Head] displays the file header content

[Tail] displays the content at the end of a file.

[Fold] Fold and display long lines

[Sort] arrange the row of a file

[CMP] Compare file content

[Diff] display file differences

[NKF] changing the Japanese file encoding

[DD] copy the changed File

[WC] count the number of words in the text and the file size.

[Split] split files

[Paste] connecting files in rows

[Join] connecting files with Fields

[Grep] query text

[Uniq] filtering duplicate parts to display file content

[Tr] Replace text

[Sed] Replace text

[VI] vi Text Editor

VII. Compression/Decompression commands

[Tar] compressed/decompressed files

[Compress] compressing/extracting files

[Uncompress] Extract

[Gzip] compressed/decompressed files

[Gunzip] decompress

[Zcat] display compressed file content

[LHA] compressing/extracting files

[Uuencode] encodes a binary file into a text file

[Uudecode] restores an encoded text file to a binary file.

8. MS-DOS tool set

[Mtools] command

[Mdir] display the file list

[MCD] changing the current directory

[MMD] creating a directory

[MRD] deleting a directory

[Mdeltree] deleting a directory tree

[Mcopy] copying objects

[Mdel] deleting objects

[Mmove] Move a file

[Mren] changing the file or directory name

[Mattrib] modifying file attributes

[Mtype] display file content

[Mdu] query the file or directory size

[Minfo] Displays disk Information

[Mformat] format disk in MS-DOS Mode

[Mlabel] setting disk labels

9. commands for controlling external devices

[Mount] mount the device

[Umount] detaches a mounted device

[Eject] pop-up (CD/DVD, etc)

[Fdformat] formatting a floppy disk

[Fdisk] Configure/display Hard Disk Partitions

[Mkfs] format Disk Partitions

[Fsck] Checking/fixing disk errors

[LPR] print to printer

[Lprm] interrupt the print task

[Lpq] displays the status of the print task

[LPC] manage/control print tasks

[Ifconfig] display/set Nic Configuration

10. Process and task management commands

[PS] displays Running Processes

[Jobs] displays Tasks running in the background

[FG] switch the task to the foreground

[BG] switch the task to the background

[Kill] abort a process or task

[Killall] abort a process or task

[Wait] waits for the process or task to end.

[At] Set scheduled task execution

[ATQ] displays unexecuted tasks

[Atrm] delete a scheduled task

[Batch] executes tasks when the system load is reduced

[Nice] changing priorities and executing tasks

[Nohup] executes tasks in the background and does not exit after logout.

[Sleep] Sleep for a certain period of time

[Crond] commands used to regularly execute programs

[Screen] The Window Manager of a physical terminal can be reused among multiple processes.

11. network management commands

[Netstat] displays the current network connection status

[Route] display/set routes

[Host] displays network host information

[Hostname] display/set the name of the current host

[Ping] confirm the connection with the remote machine

[Traceroute] displays route information

[Rwho] query login users of online machines

[Ruptime] query the system running time of online machines

[Rlogin] logging on to a remote machine

[Telnet] use Telnet to log on to a remote machine

[RSH] send commands to remote machines

[RCP] copying files between remote machines

[Mail] receive emails

[Sendmail] send an email

[Mailq] confirm the mail queue

[FTP] use ftp to transfer files

12. Other commands

[Cal] display calendar

[Clear] Clear Screen

[GCC] compile C language code

[As] Assembly

[BC] computing

[RPM] RedHat package management

[Dpkg] Debian package management

[Installpkg] install the slackware package (the DELETE command is removepkg)

[Xf86setup, turboxfg, xconfigurator] configure x Service

[Startx] Start the X-Window Graphic Interface

Note: many blogs and websites have published this article. Of course, the content is not original, but recorded only for your convenience.