Quick Start introduction to the powerful Java String. format (), javastring. format

Quick Start introduction to the powerful Java String. format (), javastring. format

Preface

Since Java 5.0, the String class has added a powerful String formatting method format (). There are still not many people using this method till now, which is a waste. This article takes you through the function of this method quickly. When you want to format text in the future, you may not need to borrow a third-party class library or implement it yourself.

First, let's look at a simple example:

String formatted = String. format ("% s % d years old. "," Xiao Li ", 30); //" Xiao Li is 30 years old. "

You can also see that:

• The first parameter in this method is the format string, followed by the parameters of the format string, used to replace the placeholder in the format string.
• Placeholders are represented in the form of "% x". Different parameter types must use different letters. It will be detailed later.
• String. format () the return value type is String, that is, the format result.

I. placeholder type

The letter after the Placeholder "%" determines the type of the actual parameter it accepts. There are several types of placeholders:

Letter	Applicable parameter type	Description
%	Floating Point Number	Returns a floating point number in hexadecimal notation.
% B/% B	Any value	If the parameter is null, false is output; otherwise, true is output.
% C/% C	Character or integer	Output Unicode characters
% D	Integer	Format and output Integers
% E/% E	Floating Point Number	Output floating point number in scientific notation
% F	Floating Point Number	Formatting and outputting floating point numbers
% G/% G	Floating Point Number	Use conditions to determine whether to output floating point numbers in scientific notation
% H/% H	Any value	Return Value of hashCode () of the output parameter in hexadecimal format
% O	Integer	Returns an integer in octal format.
% S/% S	String	Format and output strings
% T	Date and Time	Format and output the date and time
% X/% X	Integer	Returns an integer in hexadecimal notation.
% N	None	Line Break
%	None	Percent itself

Uppercase letters indicate that all output letters are uppercase letters.

We usually use % s, % d, and % f most often, and occasionally use % t. This article is limited in length and only introduces these four types. For the rest, please read the API documentation on your own.

Ii. String and integer formatting

Examples are provided here to illustrate:

// Fill in space and align right: String. format ("% 10 s, world", "Hello"); // output "Hello, world" String. format ("% 8d", 123); // output "123" // fill in space and align left: String. format ("%-10 s, world", "Hello"); // output "Hello, world" String. format ("%-8d", 123); // output "123" // fill in 0 and align (only valid for numbers) String. format ("% 08d", 123); // The output is "123" String. format ("%-08d", 123); // error! 0 cannot be added to the right. // a maximum of N strings can be output. format ("%. 5 s "," Hello, world "); // output" Hello "String. format ("%. 5s... "," Hello, world "); // output" Hello... "String. format ("% 10.5s.."," Hello, world "); // output" Hello... "// output comma-separated numbers String. format ("%, d", 1234567); // output "1,234,567"

3. Date formatting

This is a little complicated, but if you want to mix text numbers and dates in a string, it is easier to tune only one method than to combine DateFormat and NumberFormat.

First, you can add a placeholder parameter that can specify a location in the format of % n $. For example, % 2 $ d indicates the second integer parameter. Note that n starts from 1 instead of 0.

When formatting a date, multiple placeholders need to point to the same parameter (to avoid repeating the same parameter several times), because "t" indicates the date time, therefore, the complete format is % n $ tX. X indicates the part of the time. The optional values of X are as follows:

Y = year; m = month; d = day; H = hour; M = minute; S = Second; L = millisecond; A = day of the week (name ); B = month name;

There are other letters. For more information, see the API documentation. The following is an example:

// The output format is "Now is 15:04:52, Sunday" // note that 10 in "% 1 $ 10tH" also indicates that the space is filled with 10 digits and the right-aligned String. format ("Now is % 1 $ 10tH: % 1 $ tM: % 1 $ tS, % 1 $ tA", new Date ())

Summary

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