[Recommended] practical skills in reading and writing scientific research papers

Bbs.xdnice.comb99t378538.htm master's experience-I knew it would have been better. I took a lot of detours. I saw this article from the "elegant manners" and it felt very good, however, it seems a little late for my doctor to know this, or many others will not go to the blog, or I hope all my master's friends can see it.

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Master's experience-Just come on, I knew it would be good, and there would be less detours.

I saw this article from the "elegant manners of pig" and it felt very good, but I felt it was a little late for the doctor to know it, or many people would not go to the blog, I hope all my master's students can gain some benefits.

How to read document-1

1. Objectives:

If there is no purpose, there is no efficiency. If you cannot grasp the key points, the efficiency is low. You may be confused for a period of time before choosing a question. I read a lot of documents without knowing why. Under the guidance of the mentor and inspired by the peers, some people can quickly clarify their goals and objectives. This is the starting point for getting started. Even if the tutor does not give guidance and has no questions, you must first set a specific question to view the document. Whether you do not do these things in the future, it is always much better than you do not have a goal. The general rules of scientific research are common.

2. Level:

For a specific subject, the relevant literature falls into three levels: research direction, research fields, and research topics. For example, someone has studied targeted differentiation of stem cells to treat Parkinson's Disease. For him, the research direction is Parkinson's disease, and the research field is Parkinson's Disease stem cell therapy, the research topic is to induce targeted differentiation of stem cells into nerve cells producing dopamine. When reading the document, you need to identify the level of the document in your hand, which determines how much you need to know about it.

• Literature at the level of research direction: generally involved, basic knowledge, discipline level, understanding of current major progress and trends, reaching the level of professional personnel;
• Literature at the level of the research field: Understanding the focus and hotspots, and having/is/will be carried out to reach the expert level;
• Literature at the research topic level: it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the history, status quo, prospects, main methods and means to reach the No1 expert level. Only by correctly distinguishing the level of the article can you focus on your ideas.

3. Form: Literature in the broad sense includes all forms of publication that can be read. Textbooks, monographs, conference summaries, journals, webpages, and even ppts. For example:

• It is best to read textbooks to understand the basic form of immune response;
• You should refer to the rat brain stereo localization map, preferably by reading a monograph;
• To learn about the latest progress, it is best to check journals;
• To understand other people's research trends, it is best to attend or read the conference papers.

Do not find the wrong information source.

4. Degree: the degree of familiarity with the document is different, and the method of reading the document is very different.

• A beginner can learn to read the text by words, learn the details, and master the most basic knowledge points. The first dozens or even dozens of articles should be intensively read, and the essence of the articles should even be recited.
• Veteran's search-based reading is familiar with common research models and general routines. It can quickly extract key information, grasp ideas, and often do not read in regular order. Someone looks at the picture and can recognize the number of words.
• You can easily read the data by pointing to the problem. In fact, no paper is impeccable.

The novice must be stable, the veteran must be accurate, and the master must be cruel. Representatives of new students, veterans, and masters are graduate students, mentors, and reviewers. However, those who study hard can complete the transformation from novice students to masters in three years. If you have a clear understanding of yourself, you can select the correct reading method.

5. contradiction: the literature is read too much, and the brain is filled with information. When talking about public reasons, what do you mean? To solve this problem, evidence-based medicine classifies clinical trial evidence. Similarly, we should pay attention to the intensity of experimental evidence.

• Discovering contradictions is the first step;
• The second step is to find out the similarities and differences;
• The third step is to solve the problem.

Find the root cause of the conflict from the conflicting conclusions. If you can jump out of the circle and leave the mindset unchanged, start from the original scientific problems and choose "no action to win ", it is truly another realm. Why translate the summary of foreigners and lie about your summary? Why repeat what others have done and lie about your ideas?

How to read document 2

1. Let's take a look at the summary first and then look at the discussion. Check the summary to find out the concept and grasp the methods.

2. Get started early. Learn the key technologies before your brother and sister leave.

3. Read the abstract in most articles and the full text in a few articles. I have mastered some full-text query skills, and I often enjoy the full text, so that I don't have time to read the content of the article, so I prefer to read the abstract. There are not many useful full texts. It is a waste to pursue the full text. Of course, reading the abstract is not correct.

4. view documents in a centralized manner. Reading documents is always forgotten. The more time the documents are read, the more time the documents are wasted. Concentrated time is more easily linked to form an overall impression.

5. Record and Mark. Documents copied or printed are directly marked or annotated with a pen. Document in pdf or html format can be highlighted or changed in the text color in the editor. This is another important way to avoid wasting time. Otherwise, you will not see it.

6. Read the articles to be referenced. The conversion causes are too many examples.

7. Pay attention to the reference value of the article. The influence factors of publications and the number of cited articles can reflect the reference value of the articles. However, pay attention to how other articles cited in this article evaluate this article: Support, opposition, supplement, and correction.

8. Communication is the best teacher. It is common practice to experiment. What is your first reaction? Retry? Give up? Reading books? These practices all make sense, but the first thing we should think of is communication. Private consultations with people with identities reflect your respect for them. Public discussions with people of the same seniority allow everyone to speak freely and exercise caution. Never build a car behind closed doors. An experiment has been around for half a year. When someone tells you that it is a dead end, isn't it?

9. The highest level of competence is the ability to express, and the best job is ultimately recognized by others. The expressive ability is embodied in the writing and speaking ability, and is a quality that needs to be cultivated for a long time. For example, if you find a rare case, you can write an article. If you cannot write it, you can only report one case. For example, if you have prepared a topic and published one or more articles, you can only write a summary or shot. A graph and a table are not expressions. Bidding documents with hundreds of thousands of words can win a large fund. Although the relationship is very important, it cannot be written too poorly. Some people say that I don't want to learn PCR, I don't want to learn spss. I just need to learn ppt. It makes sense that the bosses in the lab are walking on the surface by a string of ppt slides. It is common for graduate students to be awe-inspiring because the agile thinking regulations are clear. It is also often hard for graduate students to understand. "Why did my boss write an article when I did most of my work? Let him speak at the conference? "Didn't you see anyone else's skills?

10. learn English well. Now, academic exchange is already in the English world, whether in japan or Europe. You don't have to be sorry for not reading a French article. The person who writes the article is worried about not learning English well. If you are not proficient in English, do not study for the moment.

English article writing

1. read 10 documents, summarize 100 commonly used sentence patterns and phrases, and review frequently. Note that the author of the document must be an English speaker and the document content must be related to your major. This is a by-product of literature reading at ordinary times.

2. Find 3-5 articles about the technical route and statistical methods that are close to your subject, read carefully, and write a draft of the paper. The title, author, abstract, background, purpose, material, method, result, discussion, acknowledgment, references, legends, diagrams, tables, photos, and descriptions should be written in a unified format. The advantage of this is that it can be easily changed to any magazine format.

3. for each part of the thesis, especially some specific methods and specific aspects to be discussed, I will find 5-8 documents each, which will be enriched and improved. Only English expressions are involved in the discussion, and only English writing experience is recommended.

4. Find the draft of the magazine you want to submit, find 2-3 articles about the magazine, and rewrite the article according to its format. Note: Each rewrite must be saved as a different file name, so that the file cannot be recovered.

5. Find an English expert. If you cannot find the right person, go to the company that provides the English paper editing service (English correction and improvement, not translation). We strongly recommend this to those who have no time.

Document management

1. When downloading the electronic document (caj, pdf, html), paste the article question as the file name. Note: The file name cannot have special characters. You must set //:*? <> | And linefeed deleted. You can set the file name according to the same conventions each time to prevent repeated downloads.

2. Store different topics in different folders. The folder question should be brief, such as PD, LTP, PKC, and NO.
3. The documents you have read should be classified into subfolders, at least to separate useful and useless documents.

4. Add the 001,002,003 number before the file name based on the importance of important documents, and arrange the icons by name. The most important documents are listed at the beginning.

5. Copy or print the documents, and punch them into a hard folder (￥10-20/RMB 10-20) with a punching tool (￥10-15 ). We often make some clever use of references, but these will reduce the quality of the paper.

References to 'five restricted zones'

1. Without reference, I learned from similar work in the same industry, but deliberately did not reference similar work in the same industry, making my work seem "novel" and "leading ". In fact, the review may be peer.

2. Deliberately intercept the content that the author tries to deny to outshine his opinion.

3. The quotation is incorrect because the original text is not carefully read.

4. The source is false. Some words are unreliable (for example, informal or non-academic publications) and do not indicate the source. Common statistics.

5. Blind self-citation is not to describe the relationship between your work and the previous work, but to improve the number of times your articles are cited.

Reasons for the low level of domestic articles:

1. the reviewer's knowledge is outdated. The ability of older reviewers to query documents and access the Internet is quite limited. It is impossible to check whether the research is meaningful, where the innovation points are, whether the method is reliable, and whether the results are credible. However, what they often comment on is that "references are not new ".

2. Select the wrong reviewer. Although two reviewers are generally designated, the editorial department often asks people who do not understand molecular biology to review the articles of molecular biology, so that those who do not know statistics can review the articles that are complicated to process. Out of love for face, few people propose that "I am not suitable for reviewing this Article ".

3. The link article has a relationship and everything is simple.

4. Do not acknowledge negative results. Honest negative results are considered meaningless. No wonder someone shouted, "I want to run a negative magazine ".

5. Fraud. No one is willing to become a victim of the system. The expected results of the Failover cannot be outputted. To survive, to graduate on schedule.

Dynamic Science

1. Scientific research depends on accumulation. As lunqin discovered X-rays, there were fewer and fewer opportunities to win the Nobel Prize with a simple observation. More scientific research results come from long-term laboratory accumulation. Ultimately, it is named.
Do not count on one day for scientific research. Design issues should not be too ambitious. The same is true for fund reviews. There is no accumulation in the early stage, and the possibility of obtaining funding is small. Think about choosing a Mentor: Do you want to start from scratch or marry yourself?

2. Documents should be tracked. When you start a question, you can check the document to understand the situation, and the conclusion may be very different. Follow up during the experiment. If you are lucky, you can get more clues. Correct Your experiment accordingly. You must review the document before writing the paper.

3. Review the record. The previous lab records should be reviewed frequently. As your experience increases and your understanding increases, you may find that your initial judgment may not be correct.

Write Graduation Thesis

1. List the outlines first. It is a bad habit to write it when you do not outline it. A few hundred words is okay. Thousands of words are barely enough, and tens of thousands of words are difficult. The writing outline must be listed and supplemented to ensure consistency of thinking and balanced words.

2. Write more at ordinary times. Summarize the work in stages in a timely manner and write more articles and contribute more. In the final stage, organically combining these texts is a good graduation thesis.

3. Do not list all data. To ensure the weight of the graduation thesis, graduate students often observe many indicators. However, the larger the data, the better. We must discard the data that has little to do with the subject. Otherwise, it may seem cumbersome or loose, or become a flaw.

4. Print the changes. If you modify it directly on your computer, many errors will be missed. To minimize any errors, make sure to print them out and modify them.

5. ask others to point out the error. Modification by yourself is still limited by your personal habits. Errors are put there, but they are invisible. Let someone tell you the mistake, no matter whether he or she is in the same profession as you.