Rookie's growth record.--linux wildcard and special character set usage

Wildcard characters

When you need to query the desired results with a command, the user does not have to find all of them and can use the shell wildcard character. The wildcard character of the shell command is the following table

Symbol		Meaning	Instance
*		Any character of any length	A*b, matching such as a3b, ACB, AABC, A/b, a123,/b.
?		Match any single character	A?b, matching such as A1B, ACB, A, b
[ ]		Matches any character in the specified range	A[xyz]b, matching such as AXB, Ayb, Azb
[ - ]		Match any one character range	A[a-z]b, matching such as Ayb, ACB, ADB, AUB
[^...]		Matches all but the specified characters	A[^0-9]b, except a0b-a9b, all the other matches.

Special Character Set

POSIX (The Portable Operating System Interface) adds special character classes to the character encodings in different countries, such as [: Alnum:] is another notation for a-za-z0-9. You can place them in the [] number to be a regular expression, such as [a-za-z0-9] or [[: Alnum:]]. grep under Linux supports POSIX character classes in addition to Fgrep.

[: Space:]: all whitespace characters

[:p UNCT:]: All punctuation

[: Lower:]: All lowercase letters

[: Upper:]: All uppercase letters

[:d Igit:]: All numbers

[: Alnum:]: All numbers and letters

[: Alpha:]: All letters

[:p rint:]: All non-whitespace characters (including spaces)

Example:

1. Display all files or directories starting with the letter in the/tmp/ky directory

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2. Display a file or directory with a digit in the middle of the/tmp/ky directory starting with a letter and ending with a lowercase letter

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Note: The meaning of the middle plus * in the command line is that * denotes any character of any length or 0, so add * if you don't know what is between two characters

3, displays the/tmp/ky directory starts with the letter, ends with a lowercase letter, the middle is the space file or the directory
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4. Displays the file or directory with the letter ending in the/tmp/ky directory and the symbol in the middle.

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5. Display all files or directories with a small letter ending with L in the/var directory, and one digit in the middle;

# ls/var/l*[[:d Igit:]]*[[:lower:]]

This file or directory does not exist and can be created in advance to detect

notice here [[:d Igit:]] For what is a double-square bracket, because, [:d Igit:] is to represent a collection, and to represent a range of characters, you must add brackets. So that's [[:d Igit:]], fixed format

6. Displays files or directories that start with any digit and end with a non-digit in the/etc directory;

# ls-d/etc/[[:d igit:]]*[^[:d igit:]]

This file or directory does not exist and can be created in advance to detect

7, display in/etc directory, start with a non-letter, followed by a letter and any other characters of any length of the file or directory;

# ls-d/etc/[^[:alpha:]][[:alpha:]]*

This file or directory does not exist and can be created in advance to detect

8, copy/etc directory, all start with P, non-numeric end of the file or directory to the/tmp/mytest1 directory;

# Mkdir/tmp/mytest1

# cp-r/etc/p*[^[:d igit:]]/tmp/mytest1

9, copy the/etc/directory, all files or directories ending with. D to the/tmp/mytest2 directory;

# Mkdir/tmp/mytest2

# Cp-r/etc/*.d/tmp/mytest2

10. Copy all files in the/etc/directory starting with L or M or N and ending with. conf to the/TMP/MYTEST3 directory;

# MKDIR/TMP/MYTEST3

# Cp-r/etc/[lmn]*.conf/tmp/mytest3

This article is from the "Fish" blog, please be sure to keep this source http://kyfish.blog.51cto.com/1570421/1437514