RPM command under Linux and Yum Command, use of Package Manager

Package Manager: Package, package management (install, upgrade, uninstall, query and verify)
Deb:debian
Rpm:redhat Package Manager
RPM is the package Manager

Components of the package:
Binary program:/bin,/sbin,/usr/bin,/usr/sbin
Library files:/lib64,/usr/lib64
Configuration file:/etc
Help files: manual,info, etc.

The role of the Package Manager:
Package: In a single archive file;
Installation: To expand the packaging files in the current;
Uninstall: Integrate and delete the package files;
Upgrade: Replace the old program;
Inquire:
Verification: The source legitimacy of the package, the integrity of the package;

RPM Package: The main function is packaging--rpmbuild: Based on the specs file for packaging

；
Subcontracting mechanism:
Testapp-version.tar.gz
Main package: Testapp-version
Support package: testapp-devel-version \ \ Package Other less common installation packages under the main package
Version is typically available in three versions: Major.minor.release

The naming mechanism for RPM packages:
name-version-release.arch.rpm
RELEASE:RPM Version number

Between packages and packages: there may be dependencies;
For example, if x is installed, you must install Y again to use the X function properly.

RPM Database: Under the/var/lib/rpm directory

How to get the RPM package:
1. The package provided by the release version;
2.fedora-epel program Project;
3. Project official site;
4. Search Engine
Rpmfind.net
Rpm.phone.net
pkgs.org

View CentOS Version: Cat/etc/centos-release

Equipment files for the CentOS identification disc:/dev/cdrom
ls | Wc-l viewing the total number of files

implement package management based on RPM command:
Installation:

RPM {-i|--install} [install-options] Pack-age_file.
-I: Direct installation
-V: Show detailed procedure,-VV,-VVV
-h:hash Mark

RPM-IVH Installation
RPM-E Uninstall
RPM-VVH detailed display of the installation process
Rpm-q Query Installation

Example: use RPM to install the package and display the installation process in detail, and uninstall:

First we need to mount the package:

1. Create a mount directory,/media/cdrom, Mount success:

650) this.width=650; "title=" image "style=" border-top:0px; border-right:0px; Background-image:none; border-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-left:0px; border-left:0px; padding-right:0px "border=" 0 "alt=" image "src=" http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M02/73/11/ Wkiol1xz5kagknhsaaczkr6cqd4347.jpg "" 485 "height=" 102 "/>

2. To view the installable packages, first we have to go to the Mount directory,/media/cdrom, to see a package directory under its directory packages:

650) this.width=650; "title=" image "style=" border-top:0px; border-right:0px; Background-image:none; border-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-left:0px; border-left:0px; padding-right:0px "border=" 0 "alt=" image "src=" http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M00/73/11/ Wkiol1xz5k2rhkgeaahhydcfnoi384.jpg "" 490 "height=" 211 "/>

You can use Wc–l to view the total number of files:

650) this.width=650; "title=" image "style=" border-top:0px; border-right:0px; Background-image:none; border-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-left:0px; border-left:0px; padding-right:0px "border=" 0 "alt=" image "src=" http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M01/73/11/ Wkiol1xz5k6dduhnaacv3si3nd0017.jpg "" 495 "height="/>

3. Choose an installation package to install, install successfully:

650) this.width=650; "title=" image "style=" border-top:0px; border-right:0px; Background-image:none; border-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-left:0px; border-left:0px; padding-right:0px "border=" 0 "alt=" image "src=" http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M02/73/11/ Wkiol1xz5lgwotmlaakocnqza3e706.jpg "" 502 "height=" 355 "/>

4. Uninstall the installation package:

650) this.width=650; "title=" image "style=" border-top:0px; border-right:0px; Background-image:none; border-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-left:0px; border-left:0px; padding-right:0px "border=" 0 "alt=" image "src=" http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M00/73/11/ Wkiol1xz5llc0pl2aabhrbbroxw672.jpg "" 502 "height="/>

One or more capabilities per RPM package (capability)
Dependent packages If you do not want to be in control:
--nodeps Ignore dependency installation;

The first installation package shows that there is a dependency, then we can ignore the dependent direct installation using--nodeps;

650) this.width=650; "title=" image "style=" border-top:0px; border-right:0px; Background-image:none; border-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-left:0px; border-left:0px; padding-right:0px "border=" 0 "alt=" image "src=" http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M01/73/11/ Wkiol1xz5lxht4ijaaehmkjujn4610.jpg "" 503 "height="/>
--replacepkgs Reload a package;

To install a package that has already been installed:

650) this.width=650; "title=" image "style=" border-top:0px; border-right:0px; Background-image:none; border-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-left:0px; border-left:0px; padding-right:0px "border=" 0 "alt=" image "src=" http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M02/73/11/ Wkiol1xz5lqjun9yaacwsp28mw8776.jpg "" 507 "height=" "The/>
--oldpackage downgrade: Unfamiliar or unaccustomed after upgrade, can downgrade back to the previous

Version
--force forced escalation;

RPM {-u|--upgrade} [install-options] pack-
Age_file ...

RPM {-f|--freshen} [install-options] pack-
Age_file ...

-UVH: If there is an older version of the package, then upgrade it, if not, install it.
-FVH: If an older version of the package is upgraded, it is not installed if it is not.

Unloading:
RPM {-e|--erase} [--allmatches] [--nodeps] [--noscripts] [--notriggers] [--test] package_name ...

Uninstall we used to be just-e, so the following other options are generally not too useful.

Enquiry:
RPM {-q|--query} [select-options]- pick Options [query-options]- query Options
Common options:
-qa Querying all installations
The-QF query here specifies which package installation of the file is generated. Query as directory:/etc/fstab
The-QC query specifies the configuration file that is generated by the package installation.
-QD queries the specified package to install the generated help documentation.
-qi queries for information about the specified package.
-QL a list of all files generated by the query package installation.
-QR query packages depend on which packages are provided
-Q--scripts Query package related script:
Preinstall: Pre-installation script
Postinstall: Post-installation script
Preuninstall: Pre-uninstall script
Postunistall: Post-uninstallation script

-P: The query is for a package file that is not installed and is usually used with-q;

Example: Using-PQC to query the configuration file generated by the installation package:
650) this.width=650; "title=" image "style=" border-top:0px; border-right:0px; Background-image:none; border-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-left:0px; border-left:0px; padding-right:0px "border=" 0 "alt=" image "src=" http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M00/73/11/ Wkiol1xz5lzbdx9kaabw6tchgx0374.jpg "486" height= "/>"

Checksum:
RPM {-v|--verify} [select-options] [verify-
Options
S file Size differs
M Mode differs (includes permissions and file

Type
5 Digest (formerly MD5 sum) differs
D Device Major/minor number mismatch
L Readlink (2) path mismatch
U User ownership differs
G Group ownership differs
T MTime differs
P capabilities differ

Package Check:
Source Legitimacy Verification: asymmetric encryption
Package Integrity Verification: one-way encryption
command to import keys: RPM--import secret key Path
Checksum: Rpm-k indicates the installation package

Secret key location:/etc/pki/rpm-gpgs

650) this.width=650; "title=" image "style=" border-top:0px; border-right:0px; Background-image:none; border-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-left:0px; border-left:0px; padding-right:0px "border=" 0 "alt=" image "src=" http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M00/73/14/ Wkiom1xz4o-iybwzaactoaz-xom144.jpg "" 462 "height="/>

Import secret key:

650) this.width=650; "title=" image "style=" border-top:0px; border-right:0px; Background-image:none; border-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-left:0px; border-left:0px; padding-right:0px "border=" 0 "alt=" image "src=" http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M01/73/14/ Wkiom1xz4pgybtbraabpz6hs76g603.jpg "" 476 "height="/>

Check:

650) this.width=650; "title=" image "style=" border-top:0px; border-right:0px; Background-image:none; border-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-left:0px; border-left:0px; padding-right:0px "border=" 0 "alt=" image "src=" http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M01/73/14/ Wkiom1xz4plrwlncaabrgd0fstk514.jpg "" 483 "height="/>

Yum:yellowdog Updater Modified
YUM:RPM Package front-end management tool; automatically resolves package dependencies;
Yum relies on the Yum repository: Yum repositories
File server:
Ftp://hostname/path/to/repo \\hostname for FTP host name
Http://hostname/path/to/repo
File:///path/to/repo

configuration files for the Yum program :
/etc/yum.conf Defining a global configuration: configurations that are applicable to all warehouses
/etc/yum.repos.d/*.rpo a file is typically used for a warehouse or a group of similar or related functions

Define a warehouse to point to:
[REPO_ID]
Name=
Baseurl= can have multiple paths, but the content must be the same, and it is not recommended to point to multiple.
Mirrorlist=scheme://hostname/path/to/mirror_list_file
ENABLED={1|0} 1 Enable 0 disable default enable
GPGCHECK={1|0} 1 Test 0 no test
Gpgkey= indicates which secret key to use to verify
Cost= indicates the cost of the Yum Warehouse

Define the variables that are available when the warehouse points:
$releasever: Reference the major version number of the current system
$basearch: The basic architecture of the current system
I386,i486,i586,i686:i386,x86_64

Example: http://mirrors.aliyun.org/Centos/$releasever/os/$basearch \ $releasever refers to the Centos system version, $basearch refers to the system architecture, such as 32-bit or 64-bit;

use of the yum command：
Yum [options] [command] [package ...]
Installation: Yum Install
Uninstall: Yum Remove
Enquiry: Yum Info
Search KEYWORD
List all|installed|availiable
Probides/path
Upgrade: Yum update; checkupdate query upgradeable
Reinstall: Reinstall
Downgrade: Downgrade
Cleanup cache: Clean
Build cache: Makecache
Package Group: Grouplist List all package groups
GroupInfo ""
Groupinstall "grp_name" installation group files
Groupremove "Grp_name" unload group file
Warehouse: repolist all|enabled|disabled List Warehouse

1. Install and uninstall the package using Yum:

650) this.width=650; "title=" image "style=" border-top:0px; border-right:0px; Background-image:none; border-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-left:0px; border-left:0px; padding-right:0px "border=" 0 "alt=" image "src=" http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M02/73/14/ Wkiom1xz4pbru9w4aafw9kxzmxm649.jpg "" 484 "height=" 237 "/>

650) this.width=650; "title=" image "style=" border-top:0px; border-right:0px; Background-image:none; border-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-left:0px; border-left:0px; padding-right:0px "border=" 0 "alt=" image "src=" http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M00/73/14/ Wkiom1xz4pqsp954aaerroosxxs279.jpg "" 483 "height=" 218 "/>

2. Use Yum to query the installation package information:

650) this.width=650; "title=" image "style=" border-top:0px; border-right:0px; Background-image:none; border-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-left:0px; border-left:0px; padding-right:0px "border=" 0 "alt=" image "src=" http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M02/73/11/wKioL1Xz5M_ Zsa4faafwrmaoh-o645.jpg "" 493 "height=" 239 "/>

3. Use Yum to view package groups:

650) this.width=650; "title=" image "style=" border-top:0px; border-right:0px; Background-image:none; border-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-left:0px; border-left:0px; padding-right:0px "border=" 0 "alt=" image "src=" http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M00/73/11/ Wkiol1xz5nhcq7-eaadjlq4zuqu820.jpg "" 502 "height=" 234 "/>

4. Use Yum to view the enabled repositories:

650) this.width=650; "title=" image "style=" border-top:0px; border-right:0px; Background-image:none; border-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-left:0px; border-left:0px; padding-right:0px "border=" 0 "alt=" image "src=" http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M02/73/11/ Wkiol1xz5nkzszdiaadh9uubke0539.jpg "" 509 "height=" 131 "/>

How to use the release version of the CD as a local repository:
Mount a disc to a directory
Define the warehouse and use file:///to indicate its access path

To create a local warehouse:
Yum Install Createrepo
Createrepo/path/to/rpmfiles

DNF: Next-generation front-end manager;

RPM command under Linux and Yum Command, use of Package Manager