Seven Habits of using Linux efficiently

You may not get used to Linux at the beginning. Many experts have such experiences. After all, they were also new users. But now the Linux community is already providing guidance, manuals, and basic technical documents for new users to get started as quickly as possible. Three years ago, I first came into contact with Linux. Many people helped me through forums, online chats, emails, and so on. These "penguins" were very enthusiastic.

In this regard, I feel that I should make some contribution to the group that helps me selflessly, And I should write something to my friends who just use Linux. Here I compiled seven habits that people told me when I got started. I believe that if you use these seven habits, you will feel safer, more convenient, and learn a lot of practical things when using Linux. In the end, you will find that using Linux is so pleasant.

1-do not log on with the root user

This is the first thing you should pay attention to and observe. We may have been used to Windows before. We always thought that the higher the permission, the better, so we like to log on with an administrator account. However, this may be an important cause of virus harassment and insecurity in Windows. Many people are currently using root users to log on.

The higher the permission, the greater the responsibility. If you have administrator permissions, you must be cautious about what you do, but errors are inevitable. I remember that I used Suse Linux first. There are many things to manage, but I don't know how to do it without the image user interface. So I logged out and logged on to the root user's graphical interface. The default wallpaper for the root user GUI is a line of highlighted mines. These symbols circled in my mind, and I was very careful not to do anything wrong at last.

What are the risks of Root User Logon?
1. You can imagine if you are afraid of a swing without a protective network? This is the same as the root user logon principle. You will inadvertently destroy your system.
2. You may accidentally run malware. In root user mode, all permissions are granted by default to start any program.
3. If your system has security vulnerabilities not fixed, you may be fully controlled by others.
4. This is a Unix Convention. Unless necessary, do not run anything under the root user easily. If a program is not triggered by yourself to request root user permissions, you should be careful.

Generally, you do not have to log on to the root user interface. Below are some tips:
* Run the "sudo" or "su" command and exit after you complete management.
* If you do not know how to do this using command lines, you can use "gksu" or "kdesu ". For example, press Alt + F2 and press "gksu nautilus" and end the program immediately when you finish.

2-Name your file properly

In Linux, you can name the file as you wish, but the following two points are not allowed: 1) "/" is dedicated to the root directory; 2) do not use invalid characters. Other technologies are acceptable, but to avoid future troubles, you can observe the following experiences:

* In experience, only letters, numbers, connectors (-), and underscores (_) are used (_)
* Avoid using special characters such as dollar signs ($), arc signs, and percent signs (%). These characters have special meanings for shell and may cause conflicts.
* Avoid spaces. It is silly to process files containing spaces on the terminal. You can use a connector or underline to replace spaces.

These have basically become my habits, and I do not consciously abide by these rules when using Windows and MAC.

3-Place your home directory in a separate Partition

This will give you a lot of flexibility. Place the home directory in a separate partition. You can reinstall the system or even upgrade your entire version without losing your data and personal settings. You can reset what you need in the root directory and keep the home partition. Now you can categorize the data and personal settings you need without worrying about. You can use them at any time.

Don't be disappointed if you know this after installing the system. You can follow the step-by-step instructions of Carthik in the ubantu Blog titled "Move/home to it's own partition.

4-reasonable disaster management

Linux is relatively powerful and stable, but any system will crash. Before you restart your CTRL-ALT-DEL, you should learn how to handle your accidents. You need to know how to easily restore your system without restarting. I personally think this situation can be divided into several different levels. If the previous step does not work, move to the next step:

1. I put the "force close" program on my taskbar. If any program has a problem, click the "force close" icon and end the program.
2. If the previous step does not work, call the terminal and use "ps-A" to write down the process Number of the problematic program and end it.
3. Run the "killall" command, such as "killall firefox-bin"
4. If the entire graphic interface is frozen, you can no longer call the terminal, press the CTRL-ALT-F1, so that you can go to another terminal, so that you can end the program with steps 2 and 3.
5. If not, you can use CTRL-ALT-Backspace to restart your GUI, but note that this will end your running GUI program.
6. Call the CTRL-ALT-F1 and then use CTRL + ALT + DEL so that your system will not be restarted immediately, just reboot in normal mode, so it is safe (assuming you want to restart and the CTRL-ALT-F1 is available ).
7. If it doesn't work, do not remember to press the force restart button to try Raise a Skinny Elephant.

5-active attempts

You may be satisfied with the current version and configuration that your friends have designed for you. This is suitable for you. This is good, but it may be better. Why not try Linux and open-source flexibility and richness? Don't be afraid to try different programs, Graphics Management and desktop. Experiment until you find the one that best suits you. You can think like this, you now live in the best place in the world, but traveling around the world will not have any harm? Maybe you can find a better place to live. Even if you can't, your travel time is worth your taste. You know more about other countries, their people, customs, and ways of thinking, in the end, you may like this attempt. Any new things you try will increase your knowledge. In about a year, you will have a good grasp of Linux and the open-source world.

I personally tried at least 10 Assignment Methods, 4 desktop and 5 desktop management methods. My recent article Etymology of A Distro interests me in more distributions, such as Zenwalk, Foresight, and Sabayon. It is good for you to take the initiative.

Before you try, you can refer to the following points:

* Set the system that you feel most comfortable with, because you need a system that works at all times. In this way, you can try according to the following points:
* You can use a virtual machine. Install a Vmware or Virtualbox and use them for testing
* If you do not know how to use a virtual machine, you can set an independent partition to try
* The best way is to use a set PC and another one for testing. In this way, you can try as you like.

6-familiar with using your command line

Although I do not advocate that you must learn command lines, too many articles have always stressed the importance of learning command lines. Here I suppose you already know the importance of it and know how to use it to handle some simple management tasks. You can configure according to the instructions and manuals. But do not copy or paste it. That is to say, not only do you not think about how to execute commands. Many people with the Freedom nature advise you to understand the meaning of each command line as much as possible and what it can do. Why is this done in the Manual instead of that? Understand the basic principles of your steps.

After a while, you will feel that you can use it well. Finally, you will find that it is just a disguised language. Each command may be the first letter or abbreviation of a word. You want your dog to understand the long sentence "Spike fetch ball". Why not try to understand "sudo mv/file1/file2?

7-prepare for your application

I have had a lot of such experiences. When a friend asks me to do something on his computer, but the OS he chooses may cause crashes. Sometimes I have an emergency, but only some computers have a poor operating system. You don't have to worry about using your linux system, whether it's stored on a USB flash drive or CD. There are quite a few linux versions, such as Knoppix, DSL, and Puppy Linux. I am ashamed to say that, in fact, I have not used this habit. I think I also need to share my words and deeds.