An overview of the version and version of SQL Server 2012 is as follows
SQL Server version
Enterprise (64-bit and 32-bit)
Delivers comprehensive, high-end data center capabilities with fast performance, unlimited virtualization, and end-to-end business intelligence-delivering high service levels for mission-critical workloads that enable end users to access deep data.
Business Intelligence (64-bit and 32-bit)
Provides a comprehensive platform that enables organizations to build and deploy secure, scalable, and easy-to-manage BI solutions. It provides superior features such as browser-based data browsing and visibility, powerful data integration capabilities, and enhanced integrated management.
Standard (64-bit and 32-bit)
Provides basic data management and business intelligence databases that enable departments and small organizations to run their applications smoothly and support common development tools for on-premises and cloud deployments-helping to achieve efficient database management with minimal IT resources.
Web (64-bit and 32-bit)
For web host and Web VAP, which provides scalability, economics, and manageability capabilities for small to large web assets, the SQL Server Web version is a low total cost of ownership option.
Developer (64-bit and 32-bit)
Enables developers to build any type of application based on SQL Server. It includes all the features of Enterprise Edition, but with license restrictions, it can only be used as a development and test system, not as a production server. SQL Server Developer is ideal for people who build and test applications.
The installation interface for the Enterprise Edition installation CD is shown below.
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We can install, maintain, and acquire SQL Learning resources through the installation CD.
For more detailed functional differences between versions, please refer to the CSDN and TechNet library:
http://blog.csdn.net/xcbsdu/article/details/8259131
Features supported by various editions of SQL Server 2014
Http://technet.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/cc645993.aspx
This article from "Zeng Hung Xin Technical column" blog, declined to reprint!