Standard libraries and third-party libraries common to Python

Standard library
Python has a strong standard library. The core of the Python language contains only the common types and functions of numbers, strings, lists, dictionaries, files, and the Python standard library provides additional functions such as system management, network communication, text processing, database interfaces, graphics systems, XML processing, and so on.
The main features of the Python standard library are:
1. Text processing, including text formatting, regular expression matching, text difference calculation and merging, Unicode support, binary data processing and other functions
2. File processing, including file operations, create temporary files, file compression and archiving, operation profiles and other functions
3. Operating system features, including thread and process support, IO multiplexing, date and time processing, call system functions, logs (logging) and other functions
4. Network communication, including network sockets, SSL encrypted communication, asynchronous network communication and other functions
5. Network protocol, support various network protocols such as HTTP,FTP,SMTP,POP,IMAP,NNTP,XMLRPC, and provide the framework of writing network server
6.W3C format support, including the processing of html,sgml,xml.
7. Other functions, including internationalization support, math operation, HASH, Tkinter, etc.

The Python community provides a number of third-party modules that are used in a way similar to standard libraries. Their functions cover scientific computing, web development, database interface, graphics system and many other fields. Third-party modules can be written in Python or C language. Swig,sip is often used to convert a library written in C into a Python module. The Boost C + + libraries contains a set of function libraries, Boost.python, so that programs written in Python or C + + can invoke each other. Python is often used as a "glue" language between other languages and tools.
Famous third-party libraries
1.Web Frame
Django: Open source Web development framework, which encourages rapid development and follows MVC design with short development cycles.
Activegrid: Enterprise-Class Web2.0 solutions.
Karrigell: A simple web framework that itself contains Web services, the Py script engine, and a pure Python database pydblite.
Tornado: A lightweight web framework, built-in non-blocking server, and very fast
Webpy: A small, flexible web framework, albeit simple but powerful.
CherryPy: A python-based Web application Development framework.
Pylons: A highly efficient and reliable web development framework based on Python.
Zope: Open source Web application server.
TurboGears: A python-based MVC-style Web application framework.
Twisted: A popular network programming library, a large web framework.
Quixote:web Development Framework.

2. Scientific calculations
Matplotlib: A third-party library of class Matlab implemented in Python to draw some high-quality mathematical two-dimensional graphs.
SciPy: Python-based MATLAB implementation, designed to achieve all the functions of MATLAB.
NumPy: A third-party library based on the scientific calculation of Python, provides solutions for matrices, linear algebra, Fourier transforms, and so on.

3.GUI
PYGTK: A python-based GUI program to develop the GTK + library.
PYQT: QT Development library for Python.
The GUI programming framework under Wxpython:python is similar to the architecture of MFC.

4. Other
BeautifulSoup: Python-based Html/xml parser, easy to use.
PIL: Python-based image processing library, powerful, the format of the graphics file support a wide range.
PyGame: Python-based multimedia development and game software development module.
Py2exe: Converts a Python script into an executable program on Windows that can run independently.

Reference from Wikipedia

Python common standard libraries and third-party libraries