Files and directories |
|
Command |
Options |
Annotations |
Example |
Basic operation of the file |
Ls |
Options File |
Show All files and directories |
Ls-al |
-A (a) |
Displays all files and directories, including hidden files and directories (showing all files and directories, including hidden files and directories, but not realistic "." and ".." Directory |
View details of all files in the current directory =ll |
-L |
Display full attribute information for files and directories |
-D |
|
|
Cd |
+ Path |
Change the current path |
Cd/etc go to the ETC directory |
Pwd |
|
Show current Path |
PWD Displays the current path |
Mkdir |
+ Directory Name |
Create a Directory |
MKDIR ABC create ABC directory |
-P |
Parent directory is created when parent directory does not exist |
RmDir |
+ Directory Name |
Delete directory, only empty directory can be deleted |
RMDIR ABC delete ABC directory |
Cp |
[Options] Source target |
Copying files |
Cp-r test/usr/Copy all content in the test directory under the current directory, including subdirectories, to the USR directory |
-R |
Looping for directory replication |
-F |
|
Mv |
SOURCE Target |
|
MV test/usr/move the test directory under the current directory to the USR directory |
Rm |
[Options] File name |
Delete |
RM-RF test forcibly deletes the test directory under the current directory and all its files and subdirectories |
-R |
Cyclic deletion, commonly used for directory deletion, to delete all files in directories and directories |
-F |
Force Delete Does not prompt |
View File Contents |
Cat |
[Options] File name |
View File Contents |
Cat-nb/etc/inittab Displays the contents of the Inittab file in the ETC directory, displaying line numbers but not showing blank lines |
-N |
Display with the Lianxing number |
-B |
Lianxing display, but no blank lines are displayed |
More |
+ File name |
With cat, if the file content more than 40 lines, will be split screen display, press ENTER single line down or press ctrl+f page, press Q exit browse |
Usage with Cat |
Head (tail) |
[Options] File name |
Show file before (after) 10 lines |
head-5/test |
-N |
Specify how many rows to display |
Displays the first 5 lines of the test file in the current directory |
Cut |
options [File] |
Select a portion of each line in the file to display |
Cut–d ":" –f 2 c.txt |
-D |
To use (...). ) to split |
To: Split c.txt each row, showing the second column of each row in the C.txt document |
-F |
Show the first few columns |
|
Link file |
ln |
[Options] Source target |
Set the link file to create a hard link by default when the parameter is empty |
ln (-D) ct.sh DLink |
-S |
Creating Symbolic Links |
Create a DLink hard link in the current directory, point to Ct.sh |
-D |
Create a hard link |
Search for files and directories |
Find |
Path [Options] File name |
You can specify a directory and all subdirectories to search because it is slower to find the hard disk |
Find. –name "*.txt" –atime 1 |
-name file |
Find file named name file, wildcards available * |
Find A. txt file accessed within one hours of the current directory |
Locate |
+ File name |
Find from established database, very fast, but database content needs to be updated in real time, database can be updated manually by UpdateDB command |
Usage with find |
which |
+ File name |
Find the location of the executable file by the path under environment variable path |
which LS |
Whereis |
[Options] File name |
Search based on a set directory, not a directory under path but a custom directory |
Whereis ls |
-B |
Find only binary files |
|
-M |
Just find the documentation. |
|
Grep |
Option pattern (included string) file name |
Indicates that the line containing the specified content is found in the text file |
Grep–n 456 B.txt |
-N |
Show line Numbers |
Show line numbers in B.txt that contain 456 |
-I. |
String is case-insensitive |
Grep–v 456 B.txt |
-V |
Reverse, indicating that a line with no specified content is found in a text file |
Show rows that do not contain 456 in B.txt |
File and Directory Permissions |
Chown |
[Options] User:group directory or file name |
Change the owner and owning group of a file or directory |
Chown-r Lucy:root Lamp |
-R |
All files under the directory are changed |
Change the lamp directory under the current directory and the owner of all files and subdirectories files to Lucy, and the owning group to root |
chmod |
Options [Parameters] Directory or file name |
Change read and write execution permissions for a file or directory |
1.chmod 760 ct.sh Change the permissions of the ct.sh file under the current directory to RWXRW---- |
-R |
All files under the directory are changed |
2.chmod ug=rwx,o=r ct.sh Change the permissions of the ct.sh file under the current directory to rwxrwxr-- |
3.chmod g-r,o+w ct.sh Remove the Read permission for the group that belongs to the ct.sh file in the current directory, and add write permission to other people |