The use of RAISERROR in SQL Server is described in detail _mssql2005

Usage of RAISERROR in SQL Server

the role of RAISERROR: RAISERROR is used to throw an error . [The following information is derived from SQL Server 2005 Help]

The syntax is as follows:

RAISERROR ({msg_id | msg_str | @local_variable}    
      {, severity, state}    
      [, argument [,... N]] 
     )    
  [with O Ption [,... N]]

Briefly explain:

First parameter: {msg_id | msg_str | @local_variable}

MSG_ID: The expression can be a message code defined in a sys.messages table;
A user-defined error message number stored in the Sys.messages catalog view using sp_addmessage.
The error number of the user-defined error message should be greater than 50000.

MSG_STR: Indicates that it can also be a user-defined message, which can be up to 2047 characters long;
(if it is a constant, please use n ' xxxx ', because it is nvarchar)
When MSG_STR is specified, RAISERROR throws an error message with error number 5000.

@local_variable: Indicates that it can also be a formatted string variable in MSG_STR mode.

Second parameter: severity

The user-defined severity level associated with the message. (This is very important)
Any user can specify a severity level between 0 and 18.
[0,10] within the closed range, does not jump to catch;
If it is [11,19], skip to catch;
If [20, Infinity), the database connection is terminated directly;

Third parameter: state

If the same user-defined error is raised in multiple locations,
A unique status number is used for each location to help find the code snippet that raised the error.

Any integer between 1 and 127. (The state defaults to 1)
An error is generated when the state value is 0 or greater than 127!

Fourth parameter: argument

A parameter that is used instead of MSG_STR or a variable that corresponds to a definition in a msg_id message.

Fifth parameter: Option

Wrong customization options, which can be any of the values in the following table:
LOG: Errors are logged in the error log and the application log;
NoWait: Send the message to the client immediately;
SetError: SET @ @ERROR value and error_number value to msg_id or 50000;

[SQL] code example

--Example 1

DECLARE @raiseErrorCode nvarchar
SET @raiseErrorCode = CONVERT (nvarchar), YOUR uniqueidentifier KEY)
RAISERROR ('%s INVALID ID. There is no. in table ', 16,1, @raiseErrorCode)
 

--Example 2

RAISERROR (
       n ' this are message%s%d. ')--message text,
       Ten,--            Severity,
       1,             --state,
       N ' number ',         --the argument.
       5             --Second argument.
     ); 
--The message text returned Is:this was message number 5.
Go

--Example 3

RAISERROR (N ' <<%*.*s>> ',--message text.
      --      Severity, 1,--state      , 7,--the argument-used for      width.
      3,      --Second argument used for precision.
      N ' ABCDE ');  --third argument supplies the string.
--The message text returned is: <<  abc>>.
Go

--Example 4

RAISERROR (N ' <<%7.3s>> ',--message text.
      --      Severity, 1,--state      ,
      N ' ABCDE ');  --The argument supplies the string.
--The message text returned is: <<  abc>>.
Go

--Example 5

--a. Returns an error message from a CATCH block

The following code example shows how to use RAISERROR in a TRY block to make execution jump into an associated CATCH block.
It also shows how to use RAISERROR to return information about an error that calls a CATCH block.

BEGIN try
  RAISERROR (' Error raised in TRY blocks. ',--message text.
        --Severity.
        1-state.
        );
End TRY
BEGIN CATCH
  DECLARE @ErrorMessage NVARCHAR (4000);
  DECLARE @ErrorSeverity INT;
  DECLARE @ErrorState INT;

  SELECT 
    @ErrorMessage = Error_message (),
    @ErrorSeverity = Error_severity (),
    @ErrorState = Error_state ( );

  RAISERROR (@ErrorMessage,--message text.
        @ErrorSeverity,--Severity.
        @ErrorState   -State.
        );
End CATCH;

--Example 6

--b. Create ad hoc messages in sys.messages
The following example shows how to raise a message stored in the Sys.messages catalog view.
This message is added to the Sys.messages catalog view with message number 50005 through the sp_addmessage system stored procedure.

sp_addmessage @msgnum = 50005,
        @severity = ten,
        @msgtext = N ' <<%7.3s>> ';
Go

RAISERROR (50005,--the message ID.
      --  Severity, 1,--state   ,
      N ' ABCDE ');------------------------argument
--The message text returned is: <<  abc>>.
Go

sp_dropmessage @msgnum = 50005;
Go

--Example 7

--c. Use local variables to provide message text
The following code example shows how to use local variables to provide message text for a RAISERROR statement.

sp_addmessage @msgnum = 50005,
       @severity = ten,
       @msgtext = N ' <<%7.3s>> ';
Go

RAISERROR (50005,--the message ID.
      --  Severity, 1,--state   ,
      N ' ABCDE ');------------------------argument
--The message text returned is: <<  abc>>.
Go

sp_dropmessage @msgnum = 50005;
Go

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