Ubuntu one-sentence tips-getting started with Linux (for beginners)

View the installation content of software xxx
Dpkg-l xxx

Search software
Apt-cache search Regular Expression

Find the package of the file
Dpkg-s filename apt-file search filename

Queries which packages the software XXX depends on
Apt-Cache depends xxx

Queries which packages depend on the software xxx
Apt-Cache rdepends xxx

Add a CD Source
Sudo apt-CDROM add

System Upgrade
Sudo apt-Get update sudo apt-Get upgrade sudo apt-Get dist-Upgrade

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Automatic Processing of H files is missing during compilation
Sudo auto-apt run./configure

View the temporary directory for storing downloaded packages when installing software LS/var/Cache/APT/Archives

Back up the list of all packages installed in the current system dpkg -- Get-selections | grep-V deinstall> ~ /Somefile

Restore all packages from the list file of the installation package backed up above
Dpkg -- Set-selections clear old software caches
Sudo apt-Get autoclean

Clear all software caches
Sudo apt-Get clean

Delete isolated software that is no longer used by the System

Sudo apt-Get autoremove

Apt-cache search package
Apt-Cache show package obtains package information, such as description, size, and version.
Sudo apt-Get install package installation package
Sudo apt-Get install package--reinstall re-installation package
Sudo apt-get-F install fix and install "-F =-fix-missing"
Sudo apt-Get remove package Delete package
Sudo apt-Get remove package--Purge delete a package, including deleting a configuration file.
Sudo apt-Get Update update source
Sudo apt-Get upgrade updates installed packages
Sudo apt-Get dist-upgrade System
Sudo apt-Get dselect-upgrade using dselect
Apt-Cache depends package for dependency usage
Apt-Cache rdepends package is used to check which packages are dependent on this package.
Sudo apt-Get build-dep package installation-related compilation environment
Apt-Get source packageSource code
Sudo apt-Get Clean & sudo apt-Get autoclean clear useless packages
Sudo apt-Get check whether any corrupted dependency exists

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View the kernel
Uname-

View Ubuntu version
CAT/etc/issue

View the modules loaded by the kernel
Lsmod

View PCI devices
Lspci

View Nic status
Sudo ethtool eth0

View USB devices
Lausb

View CPU Information
VAT/proc/cpuinfo

View Current hardware information
Lshw

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View Hard Disk Partitions
Sudo fdisk-l

View IDE Hard Disk Information
Sudo hdparm-I/dev/hda

View SATA hard disk Information
Sudo hdparm-I/dev/SDA
Or sudo apt-Get install blktool sudo blktool DEV/SDA ID

Viewing hard disks is better than space
DF-HDF-H

View space occupied by Directories
Du-HS directory name

The USB flash drive cannot be detached.
Syncfuser-km/Media/usbdisk

View Current memory usage
Free-l

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View Current Process
PS-

Kill a process
Kill process number (that is, the first column of the number in PS-A or the killall process name)

Force a process to be killed (when the above method fails)
Kill-9 process no. Or killall-9 process name

View the real-time status of the current process
Top

View files opened by a process
Lsof-P

Configure ADSL
Sudo pppoeconf

ADSL Manual dialing
Sudo Pon DSL-provider

Activate ADSL
Sudo/etc/PPP/pppoe_on_boot

Disconnect ADSL
Sudo poff

View dialing logs
Sudo plog

View Nic addresses by IP Address
Atping IP Address

View current IP Address
Sudo ifconfig eth0 | awk '/inet ADDR/{split ($2, X, ":"); print X [2]}'

View the IP address of the current Internet
W3m-no-cookie-dump ip.loveroot.com | grep-o '[0-9] \ {1, 3 \}\. [0-9] \ {1, 3 \}\. [0-9] \ {1, 3 \}\. [0-9] \ {1, 3 \}'

View port 80 of the current listenerProgram
Lsof-I: 80

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View the physical address of the current Nic
Sudo ARP-A | awk '{print $4 }'
Sudo ifconfig eth0 | head-1 | awk '{print $5 }'

Enable the network to support NAT now
Sudo Echo 1>/proc/sys/NET/IPv4/ip_forward
Sudo iptables-T nat-I postrouting-J Masquerade

View route information netstat-Rn
Sudo route-n

Manually add or delete a route entry
Sudo route add-net 192.168.0.0
Netmask 255.255.255.0 GW 172.16.0.1
Sudo route del-net 192.168.0.0
Netmask 255.255.255.0 GW 172.16.0.1

How to modify the MAC address of a NIC
Sudo ifconfig eth0 down # disable the NIC
Sudo ifconfig eth0 HW ether 00: AA: BB: CC: DD: ee # change the address
Sudo ifconfig eth0 up # Start the NIC

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Add a service sudo update-rc.d service name defaults 99

Delete a service
Sudo update-rc.d service name remove

Temporarily restart a service
/Etc/init. d/service name restart

Temporarily close a service
/Etc/init. d/service name stop

Configure which sudo Update-alternatives -- config Java is used by default in Java

Modify user information
Sudo chfn userid

Set proxy for Apt
Export
Http_proxy = http://xx.xx.xx.xx: XXX

Modify system logon information
Sudo Vim/etc/motd

Convert the file name from GBK to utf8
Sudo apt-Get install convmv
Convmv-r-F cp936-T utf8 -- notest -- nosmart *

Quickly search for a file
Whereis filename
Find directory-name file name

View File Types
File filename

Display the last six lines of XXX File
Tail-N 6 XXX