Unix. Introduction to GNU and Linux

Introduction to Unix Operating systems
1.Unix history
The Unix operating system was born in Bell Labs in the late 60
US Telephone and Telegraph Corporation (T) began issuing non-commercial UNIX licenses in the middle of the 70
There have been different versions of UNIX commercialization in the market since the late 70

2.Unix Basic Principles
All objects are represented in a file
Configuration data is saved in text form
Consisting of short, single-directory programs
Avoid unnecessary user interaction
Use multiple programs to collaborate on complex tasks

GNU/GPL's description
1.GNU Project Introduction
GNU project was initiated by Richhard Stallman in 1984 and supported by the Free Software Fund (FSF)
GNU is the abbreviation for GNU ' s not UNIX

The main thrust of GNU is to develop a complete operating system that is Unix-like and bit free software: the GNU system

2.GPL General Public License
GNU general Public License (GPL)
A statutory copyright notice, but incidental (or, in addition to certain restrictions on technology), in the terms, the reuse, modification and reproduction of a result and the remainder of the results derived from him shall be free to all.
Non-Copyright (copyleft)
Copyleft has a standard copyright statement confirming the author's ownership and logo, but it abandons certain limitations in the standard copyright. It declares that no one is free to distribute the results, and to modify it freely. But you cannot state that you did the original work, or that the statement was made by someone else. Ultimately, all derived results must follow this clause (the equivalent of an inheritance relationship).

3. Open source software differs from free software
Freeware (free software)
Free software is a moral movement about freedom and community, is a kind of values, advocates want the software to be free to use, copy, modify, distribute and so on, some communist meaning, so free software involves the question of right and wrong.

Open source software (open software)
It can be superficial to think that open source software = Free software, and they almost all open up the code. The philosophy of open source software does not involve right and wrong, it is just a real value. Free software is a kind of cultural phenomenon that requires software freedom, is a philosophical, ethical and social values, and open source software is a development model.

Linux operating system
The origin of the 1.linux
Linux operating system can be said to be a Unix operating system of a "clone", Unix-like
Linux's first kernel was written in 1991/10/5, with Linus Torvalds at the University of Helsinki in Finland
Linux is a free, follow the GNU and GPL principles, and is similar to a UNIX operating system

2.Linux Features
Follow GNU/GPL
Open
Multi-user
Multi-tasking
A good user interface
Rich network capabilities
Reliable system security
Good portability
Stability

3.Linux Release version
Red Hat Linux
Fedor Linux
Slackware Linux
Ubuntu Linux
Debian Linux
SuSE Linux
Red Flag Linux

Redhat Linux Operating System
Introduction to 1.Redhat Linux
Red Hat is the world's largest open source technology manufacturer, and its product, Red Hat Linux, is also the most widely used Linux in the world.
Red Hat Company is headquartered in North Carolina, USA. It has 22 divisions around the world.
Red Hat Linux uses the latest kernels, provides easy-to-use installation and management software, and has good technical support.
Red Hat's training and certification is considered to be the standard for Linux certification. RHCE (Red HAT certified engineer) certification is recognized as the overall
The highest quality international IT certifications.

2. Certification System
RHCSA Red HAT Certified Best system administrator
RHCE Red Hat Certified Best System Engineer
RHCA Red hat Certified best System Architect
RHCVA Red hat Certified best System Cloud Architect

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Unix. Introduction to GNU and Linux