For contact and have been exposed to a period of time the Linux users, the system of the various folder name is very confusing, what etc,usr,var, and so on, most of it is also a general concept, such as USR is to store their own compiled installation software, etc is a configuration file. But in fact, a name called FHS (file system directory standard) has long defined these things for us, each directory and hierarchy (namespace) purposes and rules are also detailed definition. Most Linux distributions also follow this standard to organize system files.
The directory name usually contains three parts, the scope, category, and application (application).
For example,/usr/local/share/vim stored the application vim data, here/usr/local is the category,/share is the classification, VIM is the application
Category (Scope):
Describe the architecture of the entire directory from a more abstract perspective.
#/ /usr /usr/games/usr/local /usr/x11 X Window System files
Note:/and/usr do not have a clear distinction, just an abstract description/than/USR closer to the system.
Category (category):
Used to describe file types and functions under folders
# bin executable binary or script # sbin Super user use executable binary or script # libman Manual for Man to view # share Specific program files, such as example # etc program configuration file # src program source # Dev system device file # var system Runtime will change the file # run logger process PID File # Spool
Program (application):
This is not much to say, generally is the program with its own name-named folder. (in general, the directory can have different categories of folders, like namespaces)
Reference:
FHS Standard: HTTP://WWW.LINUXFOUNDATION.ORG/COLLABORATE/WORKGROUPS/LSB/FHS
Books: Linux pocket Book oreilly published, Daniel J. Barrett
Various folder name interpretations for Linux (FHS)