What Linux is (basic introduction)

Linuxis whatOperating System

The computer is a bunch of hardware, in order to better control the hardware resources, and provide the functions that the computer needs to run, such as: Network card, also provides the system call interface for the developer

Application --- system call ---- kernel ---- hardware system call and kernel is the operating system

different hardware architectures above, system. The software may not function properly, just as windows doesn't fit on your Mac, but now you can use compatibility to achieve cross-platform installation, andthe core architecture of Linux can be excellent in x86 PC, which provides the core and core tools, so a lot of developers put their minds on the Linux architecture, and gradually Linux can run a lot of software, making Linux Become a more complete, more powerful operating system

Linux 's History

the early computers were not so prevalent now that the average person could not afford to, unless military and high-tech use, the early computer architecture is difficult to use, at that time the input device only card reader, the output device only printer, the user can not interact with the system on the line, and later the operating system has been improved, the use of keyboard interaction , but a machine if more people use the line, and then MIT developed a time-sharing operating system, you can make large host multi-person through the remote terminal connection to use,

       1973 year unix birth ritchie< Span style= "font-family: ' The song Body '; > with C language writes out the first formal unix kernel, last hairstyle Unix unix > The developers are from Bell Labs, they use advanced c language writes out the portable unix unix was developed by different companies, Unix system V above the PC, but at the time limit "

       1984 year x86 architecture Minix operating system was born " Span style= "font-family: ' The song Body '; >, the biggest influence on student restriction is the school teaching unix kernel source, no UNIX. kernel source, you can not teach students to understand Unix Yes, Unix unix minix mainly for education, on minix Donuts

1984 :GNU Project and FSF Foundation established , GNU,1984 , Storman began the GNU Project, this project in order to create a free, open UNIX operating system, just beginning to write his own applet, and later a bunch of people know the free GNU software, so The GNU project gradually opened up its popularity, and later he and some engineers wrote the GCC compiler tool, and also wrote a basic interface that could invoke the C function library, which could be used to manipulate the operating system,bash ,Shell

about the GNU Project

GNU founder Storman that the greatest happiness of the program is to develop a good software for everyone to use, everyone's computer hardware is not the same, then the program's source code is also published, so that we can modify themselves, apply to their own computer above

in order to avoid the development of open source software, was taken to do business software, so software developed by the GNU and FSF is linked to the GPL 's copyright statement ,

Free Software /GPL : Users can freely execute, copy, re-release, learn, modify, strengthen the free software, the original software can only run on Unix , but after the source code can be modified in Linux above the Windows Run

access to software and source code: You are free to execute this free software according to your own needs

copy: You are free to copy software

Modify: You can change the source code according to your own needs

re-release: You can change the source code, again free hairstyle, but not with the original writer conflict

Feedback: You should return the program code you have changed to society

(Any software you modify should not and should not have the following requirements)

Modify Authorization: You cannot put a free software licensed by the GPL to cancel the GPL after you have modified it

Simple sales: You can't simply sell free software

free software and business behavior: now a lot Linux developers, they are charged by the after-sales service fee, their own development of tools software is not GPL licensed software,

Linux The birth Torvalds

       Linux torvalds unix Minix gnu project provides Bash and gcc software and other free software, so that Torvalds successfully write a good kernel program, you can run in 386 on the machine above, he wanted to get a few suggestions, put on the internet, it aroused everyone's attention, they all go to the website provided by the Watts to download, Torvalds placed the kernel Ftp linux

Linux Team: Hacker virtual Team

Although Linux is the invention of the Torvalds, and the content does not involve patent copyright issues, if relying on a person alone, it is difficult to improve Linux, he put the Linux kernel on the FTP , and notify everyone new version, and other users in the use of problems, feedback to Torvalds, but torvalds some hardware is not available, there are some volunteers to help Torvalds write related procedures, these people are from all over the world, have not seen face, this group has not met the virtual team in 1994 years finally completed Linux Kernel official edition,1996 year appeared 2.0

Linux kernel version, because the Linux kernel developers too many, resulting in the Linux kernel changes frequently, but for the general home computer or enterprise applications, the constant change of the kernel does not fit, So Torvalds divides the kernel development into two strands, each with a different development number

Main, minor version is odd, developing version, mainly used for testing and development of new features,

Master, minor version is even, stable version

currently Linux divided into two versions divided into stable version (even) and development version (Odd)

2.6.18-92.el5

Major Version . Minor version . Release version - Modify Version

Linux version of

later Linux releases a lot of versions, the Linux hairstyle version is the Linux kernel plus the application, the difference is not very big,Ubuntu,redhat, CentOS,debain,fedora,suse,opensuse, et ,

Linux Features of

free and open use and learning environment

Low Configuration requirements

powerful and stable kernel function

stand-alone jobs

Linux the pros and cons

Advantages:

1 . Stable system

2, free or a little fee

3, security, the rapid repair of loopholes

4, Multi-tasking, multi-user

5, the user and user group planning

6, relatively non-consumption of resources of the system

7, suitable for the small core program embedded

8, integration of good-cut various graphical user interface

Disadvantages:

1 . No specific support vendor

2, the game is not enough support

4 . Lack of professional software hosting

Summarize:

1, the operating system mainly manages and drives the hardware, therefore must be able to manage the memory, the management device, responsible for the process, as well as the system calls, lets the computer to run the function which needs

2,the UNIX predecessor is the Bell Labs engineer uses the assembly language to write out, later uses the C language rewriting, is called Unix

3,1984 years Tan Ningbong Professor wrote the Minix operating system, the system provides source code and software

4,1984 year Storman launched the GNU project and the GPL licensing model

5,1991 year Finn Linus Torcalds developed the linux kernel, The success of Linux is Minix,GNU ,Internet,POSIX, and virtual teams

6,Linux development is divided into two versions, stable version is even, the development version is odd

7,linux+ application to form a complete set of operating systems

This article is from the "Computer Room Security Sheet" blog, please be sure to keep this source http://021soso.blog.51cto.com/11045979/1738648

What Linux is (basic introduction)