X-Window settings (1)

X-Window architecture
The graphic interface under Unix-Like and Linux jobs is usually referred to as X-Window. How does this X-Window come from? What is his current version? In addition, X-Window mainly uses the master-slave architecture (Server and Client). What is the problem with these master-slave architectures? Let's talk about these things!
· Historical Evolution and version of XFree86
Basically, the core of X-Window is XFree86. How did he get it? In the early Unix world, there was no graphic interface, so it was a bit difficult to present some graphics. Later, after the development of MIT, finally, X Window System was developed on Unix in 1986! And organized the XFree86 project to develop this graphic interface! Since then, people will be able to see this beautiful Graphical Interface (GUI) in Unix operating systems! Therefore, the XFree86 organization will continue to develop this interface, release the first version of X11 in 1987, and then gradually develop new versions. Release the second version called X11R2, the current version is released for the sixth time, called X11R6! In the current version of X11R6, the new and old versions are divided into the old version 3 and the new version 4 ). (Note: The name of XFree86 is basically the abbreviation of X system + Free Software + x86 system architecture !)
So what is the use of XFree86 in Linux? In 1994, XFree86 was already supported in the first Linux kernel 1.0 version! Linux distribution published after 2002 is usually changed to version 4, such as Mandrake 9.0 and Red Hat 7.2 and later versions. This version supports many display card drivers, it's also quite new! However, Linux versions earlier than January 1, 2001 are dominated by version 3!
· X server, X client, and Window manager
After learning about the history and version of X-Window, let's talk about what X server and X client are, how can an X-Window have so many strange interfaces, such as KDE and GNOME!
OX server:
Basically, what are the main functions of XFree86? Well! That is to manage the display hardware configurations on the Linux host! For example, display card, screen resolution, keyboard form, mouse form, etc! So when we install Linux, haven't all been able to set this information? It must be noted that X-Window is just a "software" in Linux. Therefore, when installing Linux, you can select a keyboard or mouse, they are all used for the Linux system. There is no absolute relationship with X-Window! So this means that when you start X-Window on Linux, you also need to load the driver required by X-Window! Therefore, after you enter Linux with run-level 3, X-Window does not exist in the memory of your system, when you input startx to start the X-Window system, at this time, Linux will start to read the X-Window Driver (which is probably the set value of the display card driver, screen resolution adjustment, and so on ). Therefore, please note that this X server is used to manage some of the Linux hardware and drivers for display!
OX client:
After learning about X server, let's take a look at it. What is X client? Why is there no network connection? In fact, the main function of X server is to manage the display driver and hardware, but it is displayed to the user in front of the screen, and the user can move the mouse or keyboard, to start some "events" actions to respond to X server and further process some information, we need some X software, we can call it X client! Anyway, as long as it is about the behavior of some windows and the behavior displayed on the screen, the user will tell X server through X client! That is to say, "When X server dies, X client cannot act at all !』 What should I do? Because the X server that manages hardware does not move, how can the X client that uses this server for display and event triggering survive? Do you understand?
OWindow manager:
So what is "Windows Administrator ?』 To put it bluntly, you can simply regard Windows Administrator as an X client! This Window manager is mainly used as the interface between you and the entire X Window System. Therefore, all the X software (that is, the X client mentioned above) are managed by him! Currently, the two most popular Windows administrators are KDE and GNOME!
If we describe it with KDE, it is not difficult to understand that the main hardware driver still needs to be the core of X Window, that is, after XFree86 is the correct driver, then we can go to the KDE window administrator interface to work in the beautiful graphic interface environment! In case your X-Window died one day, you must know how did you let him die?
O if you can still enter X-Window, that is, KDE, but after the host (here, XFree86 is not reset !), As a result, X-Window cannot be entered, it may be due to the KDE problem. In this case, the files under the Home Directory are usually deleted. after the kde hidden directory, it can be restored to the original state.
O. However, if you cannot enter X-Window after installing Linux, it is probably because the XFree86 core is not set! So we have to set XFree86!
· XFree86's main setting file
Well, if you have ever entered X-Window, the possible problem will become the problem of window manager, not the problem of XFree86, so the situation should be easy to solve, so we will not talk about this. What we will talk about below is that when your X-Window has never been correctly and successfully started, it should be a problem with hardware settings! For example, the resolution is incorrect, the mouse format is incorrect, and the driver of the display card is incorrect! How can I reset my XFree86 core when these problems are true?
As mentioned above, XFree86 currently has two versions: version 3 and version 4. How can we know which XFree86 version is used in Linux? Well! Use:
X-version
Check it! Well, where are the configuration files of different versions? The configuration files of these two versions are:
O version 3:/etc/X11/XF86Config
O version 4:/etc/X11/XF86Config-4
Please pay special attention to his case! The above settings! So, when we say "my X-Window has never been able to drive, I want to modify my settings !』 This file is usually used! At present, we are mostly using version 4 in Linux, so we will explain it with the/etc/X11/XF86Config-4 file below! Please note that if your X-Window can be correctly started, it indicates that the file content is correct. At this time, please be sure to back up your configuration file! 』 If you cannot enter X-Window due to incorrect settings in the future, you only need to overwrite the original correct backup file and your X-Window will be saved! So this file is really important. Please remember to back up it!
Cp/etc/X11/XF86Config-4/etc/X11/XF86Config-4.bak
Let's talk about it. How can we set XFree86? Generally, if you want to reset the detailed settings of XFree86, the best steps are:
3. If you have been able to enter X-Window, you can directly set your XFree86 using the tool provided by Window manager. For example, the control center provided by KDE can do this;
4. If there is no way to enter the X-Window, use the gadgets provided by various distribution to set our XFree86 configuration file;
5. If the tools provided by various companies have no way to set up XFree86, you must use the small software tools provided by XFree86 and execute xf86cfg or xf86config in the Command column mode!
6. If you are not satisfied with the adjustment results, then manually fine-tune the file/etc/X11/XF86Config-4!
Use the setting tool: XFdrake, Xconfigurator:
Well, if your X-Window is no problem, you can skip the following documents! However, if your X-Window has been strange, you have to show it to him! At present, the above is more convenient to use, or to various distribution provided by the gadgets to set our/etc/X11/XF86Config-4 this file is more convenient, and set the content is nothing more:
1. keyboard format;
2. Mouse format;
3. The screen format, including resolution, horizontal, and vertical update frequency;
4. the main driver of the display card, that is, the main content of the so-called X server!
5. Display Resolution:
The resolution shown above must be understood. When setting the screen resolution, we refer to "the highest resolution that can be loaded on my screen 』, the resolution displayed in item 5 is the resolution supported by the desktop after we enter X-Window and Use Window manager to operate the host! Therefore, the resolution of the Third screen can be set to a relatively high level!
Currently the two most popular Linux: Mandrake and Red Hat provide good software to set the XF86Config-4, that is:
· Mandrake XFdake
· Red Hat Xconfigurator
The projects set by these two suites are almost identical. Okay, remember to back up your XF86Config-4 file.
· Mandrake: XFdrake
Enter XFdrake in the Command column mode to start using the X setting of XFdrake!
O hardware settings of the detection system:
　
O the first action after entering XFdrake is to detect the hardware on your host! If the hardware is captured, the hardware on your Linux host is displayed on the screen, as shown in, and there are several settings:
§ Graphic Card: displays your current display Card chip;
§ Monitor: Display your current screen brand or choose Custom)
§ Resolution: select the Resolution displayed in your X-Window.
§ Test: Test your hardware settings immediately
§ Options: enables you to choose whether to enter X-Window when you start the system.
§ Quit: Leave the XFdrake program!
Note that you must use Press the button to move the cursor to OK before you can select the items!
O display Card chip group selection: Graphic Card
After you press Graphic Card, a picture of the chip group that can be selected appears, as shown in. In medium, there are basically three columns. The first Vendor is the manufacturer, the second SIS is the name of the Developing manufacturer. For example, if your display card is Nvidia, choose Nvidia! The third is the support chip group of this vendor! Well! Select your display card! Here I am using SIS 6326!
Now, after confirming the chip group, we have two versions of X11, so we must first confirm what your X11 version is? Because these two versions use different chip group drivers! Therefore, the following figure is displayed after you press OK:
　
Because I use version 4, select XFree 4.2.1 here! After XFree 4.2.1 is selected, the system will reply to the first screen!