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Java's reflection is very powerful, passing class, you can dynamically generate the class, get all the information of this class, including the properties, methods and constructors, etc., and even can get its parent or parent interface content. Obj.getclass (). Getdeclaredmethods ();//obtain a method of your own definition in the Obj class, including a private method. Obj.getclass (). GetMethods ();//Get the method that you define in the Obj class and
Java genericsJava generics (generics) is a new feature introduced in JDK 5, which provides a compile-time type-safe detection mechanism that allows programmers to detect illegal types at compile time.The essence of a generic is a parameterized type, which means that the data type being manipulated is specified as a parameter.Generic methodsYou can write a generic
The essence of generics is the parameterized type. That is, the data type being manipulated is specified as a parameter.1.JDK 1.5/1.6 must explicitly write out the type of the generic type. 2.JDK 1.7/1.8 does not have to explicitly write out a generic type. I. Generic declarations Generic declarations can be made with ,,etc. where's declaration method limits the range of T ,T can only be a subclass of number. 1. parameter types are used in the creat
1. Restricting generic types availableJavaThe syntax is as follows:Class name wherein, anyclass refers to touch an interface or class. After using a generic restriction, the type of the generic class must implement or inherit the Anyclass interface or class. whether Anyclass is an interface or a class, you must use th
, such as userName * These names also have a way * * use Hanyu Pinyin to name Yonghuming Mima * * cannot mix Hanyu Pinyin and English letters to make The most basic principle of naming with userming *: See the name know what it means * code needs to have indentation * Run the program as Java application Debug as Java application 2 debugging mode (Breakpoint debug mode) * Use this mode, debug t
put together is to make a better comparison.Collection is the root interface in the container hierarchy. And collections is a class that provides some static methods for handling container classes.The JDK does not provide a concrete implementation of the collection interface, but rather provides a more specific sub-interface (such as set and list) implementation
type (type argument) is passed in when using/calling.Looks a bit complicated, first we look at the above example using generic notation. Public Static voidMain (string[] args) {ListNewArraylist//2List.add (Language); List.add (Mathematical); List.add (English); //List.add (+);//1 Compilation Errors//Output for(inti=0; I) {String subjectname= List.get (i);//3System.out.println ("Account name:" +subjectname); } }1. Program//1 to add an integer object to the list collection, the program
Generics are a specification of data, and he restricts the types of arguments that classes, containers, and methods can accept to avoid confusing parameter types.First, the basic generic typeThe most common areas of generics are collections, such as:--arraylist--HashmapIt is especially important to note that generics exist only in the compile phase, and in the pr
1. The understanding of the generic type
A high-level use of Java is the generic class, many basic frameworks will be built with generics, such as Gson ... Generics is really a good thing, but it is a sea of hundreds of rivers ... So as an Android developer it's more necessary to master this stuff.
Generics can be desi
18th. Customizing generics, enumerations, and annotations 18.1 custom genericsGeneric definition:
(1) Only generic syntax defined on a method(2) extends and Super keywords to limit the available types of generics(3)? Use of type wildcard characters
18.1.1 use extends with?1, if the extends after specifying the class and interface, want to specify an
Since generics have been added to the JDK 5 language, it has been a controversial topic. Some people think generics simplify programming, extend the type system so that the compiler can verify type safety, and others think generics add a lot of unnecessary complexity. We have experienced some painful memories of generics
Generics: It allows you to specify a type parameter in a defined class, interface that is determined when declaring a variable, creating an object (that is, passing in the actual type argument, or a type argument)
Generic class or interface
"Diamond" syntax
Copy Code code as follows:
Defined
Public inter
Solution: In the case of Java SE 1.5, without generics, by referring to the type object to implement the "arbitrariness" of the parameter, the disadvantage of "arbitrariness" is to do explicit coercion of type conversion, which requires the developer to the actual parameter type can be predicted. In the case of coercion of type conversion errors, the compiler may
1, because what type of elements in the collection can be stored. Causes the run-time classcastexception to be raised if a strong turn occurs. How to solve this problem? When you use a collection, you must explicitly specify the type of the elements in the collection. This approach is called: Generics.2, the application of generics is divided into three kinds: the class containing the generic type, containi
1: Generics (master)(1) Generic overviewIt is a special type that defers to explicit types of work until the object is created or the method is called.(2) Format:Note: This data type can only be a reference type.(3) Benefits:A: Advance the run-time problem to the compile periodB: Forced type conversions are avoidedC: Optimize the program design, solve the yellow warning line problem, make the program more secure(4)
myannotation{}Basically no one to use, know the format on the line⑤ yuan Annotations@Target ({TYPE, FIELD, METHOD, PARAMETER, CONSTRUCTOR})@Retention (Retentionpolicy.source)Public @interface Suppresswarnings {String[] Value ();}The green is the meta-annotation, meaning to modify the annotations@Retention: Represents the life cycle of the following annotationsRetentionpolicy.source is an enumerationThe delegate is discarded directly at compile time,
The function of generics is to limit the parameter type and make the code more rigorous. In future use, there will be no errors in parameter calls.
Let's look at the implementation of Java internal class generics.
1 // IntelliJ API Decompiler stub source generated from a class file 2 // Implementation of methods is not available 3 4 package java.util; 5 6 publ
6 Type speculationThe Java compiler is able to examine all method invocations and corresponding declarations to determine the Type's arguments, that is, type speculation, and the Type's speculative algorithm guesses the most specific type of all parameters, as shown in the following example:// declaration of a generic method Static return a2;} // call this method, based on the type of the assignment object, to speculate that the type parameter of the
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