0. Introduction to Python

Introduction to Python: Python is an object-oriented, literal translation of computer programming language, but also a powerful universal language, has been nearly 20 years of development history, mature and stable. It contains a comprehensive set of standard libraries that are easy to understand and can easily accomplish many common tasks. Its syntax is very simple and clear, unlike most other computer programming languages, it uses indentation to define the block of statements.

Python is a high-level programming language for interpreting, object - oriented, and Dynamic Data types . Since the the early 1990s Python language was born, it has been widely used in processing system management tasks and web programming. Python has become one of the most popular programming languages. in January 2011, it was ranked as the 2010 language by the Tiobe programming language leaderboard . since 2004, Python's usage has grown linearly.

python syntax Simple and clear , Has a rich and powerful class library. It is often nicknamed glue language , which makes it easy to connect a variety of modules in other languages, especially in C + +, easily. A common application scenario is to use the Python prototype a quick build of a program (sometimes even the final interface of the program), and then the parts that have special requirements , in a more appropriate language rewrite, such as the 3D game Graphics Rendering module, the speed requirements are very high, can be rewritten in C + +.

History of Python: The founder of Python is Guido van Rossum (Guido van Rossum). During the Christmas of 1989 in Amsterdam, Guido was determined to develop a new script interpreter as an inheritance of the ABC language in order to get rid of the boredom of Christmas. Python was chosen as the name of the program because he was a BBC drama "Monty Python " (Monty Python's Flying circus) Flying Circus of Lovers . ABC is a language of instruction designed by Guido. As far as Guido himself is concerned, the language of ABC is very graceful and powerful and is designed specifically for non-professional programmers. However, the ABC language did not succeed, the reason, Guido think is caused by non-open. Guido is determined to avoid this error in Python and has achieved very good results, perfectly combining other languages such as C, C + +, and Java.

In this way, Python was born in the hands of Guido, the first public release to be released in 1991. In fact, the first implementation is on a Mac machine. It can be said that python evolved from ABC and was largely influenced by the Modula-3 (another rather beautiful and powerful language designed for small groups). and a combination of Unix shell and C habits.

Currently Guido van Rossum is still the main developer of Python, determining the direction of the entire Python language, which the Python community often calls a benevolent dictator. The Anaconda version is maintained by Guido, so it is easy to install the Anaconda version when learning Python, and the required libraries no longer need to be installed, and will be installed automatically when the Anaconda is installed.

Python 2.0 was released on October 16, 2000, primarily for full garbage collection and Unicode support. At the same time, the entire development process is more transparent and the community's impact on the development process is growing. Python 3.0 was released on December 3, 2008, and this version is not fully compatible with previous Python code. However, many of the new features were later ported to the old Python 2.6/2.7 version.

Python's design style: Python is designed to maintain a clear and consistent style, which makes Python an easy-to-read, easy-to-maintain, widely-used language that is popular with many users. The overall guiding ideology of designer development is that, for a particular problem, there is only one best way to solve it .

Python's design orientation:Python's design philosophy is "elegant", "clear", "simple". For more information, see: A diagram of Python design philosophy: The Zen of Python

The Python developer's philosophy is "in one way, it's best to have only one way to do something."

Python's object-oriented:Python is a fully object-oriented language. Functions, modules, numbers, and strings are objects and fully support inheritance, overloading, derivation, and multiple inheritance, which is useful for enhancing the reusability of the source code. Python supports overloaded operators and dynamic types .

python extensions:python itself is designed to be extensible, not all features and functionality are integrated into the language core. Python provides a rich range of APIs and tools that enable programmers to easily use C, C + +, Cpython (Cpython, the C language to implement Python and its interpreter, and Jython is implemented in the Java language, PyPy is implemented using Python (exactly a subset of Python) to write an expansion module. The Python compiler itself can also be integrated into other programs that require scripting languages. As a result, many people also use Python as a " Glue language " (glue language), using Python to integrate and encapsulate programs written in other languages.

python execution:when Python executes, the source code in the. py file is first compiled into a python bytecode (byte code) and then by the Python virtual machine (python Machine) to execute these compiled byte code. The basic idea of this mechanism is with Java,. NET is consistent. However, Python virtual machine differs from Java or. NET virtual machine in that Python's virtual machine is a more advanced virtual machine, Compared to Java or. NET, Python's virtual machine is farther away from the real machines. Or so, Python's virtual machine is a higher-level, more abstract virtual machine.

0. Introduction to Python