30 common commands for Linux learning

1. Cd

   The CD is the command that enters the Linux system directory folder, the absolute path and the relative path that can be entered

Cd/home Enter '/home ' directory '

Cd.. Return to the top level directory

Cd.. /.. Return to the top level two directory

CD into the personal home directory

CD ~user1 into the personal home directory

CD-Return to the last directory

1. Pwd
   Show current work path

1. Ls

   View files in the directory ll is equivalent to Ls–l

ls to view the files in the directory

Ls-f viewing files in a directory

Ls-l displaying details of files and directories

Ls-a Show hidden files

LS *[0-9]* displays filenames and directory names that contain numbers

1. Mkdir

   Create a directory,-p even if the directory below the path does not exist, it will automatically create

mkdir dir1 Create a directory called ' Dir1 '

mkdir dir1 DIR2 Create two directories at a time

Mkdir-p/tmp/dir1/dir2 Create a directory tree

1. Touch

   Create a file

2. Rm

   Deleting files and directories,-r means containing subdirectories, and-f means forcing

Rm-f file1 Delete a file called ' File1 '

RmDir dir1 Delete a directory called ' Dir1 '

RM-RF Dir1 Delete a directory called ' Dir1 ' and delete its contents at the same time

RM-RF dir1 DIR2 Delete two directories and their contents at the same time

1. Mv

   Move files or make changes to file names using

   MV Dir1 New_dir Renaming/Moving a directory

2. Cp

   Copy copy files/folders and modify file names

CP file1 file2 Copy a file

CP dir/*. Copy all files under a directory to the current working directory

Cp-a/tmp/dir1. Copy a directory to the current working directory

Cp-a dir1 dir2 Copy a directory

2. Cat

   Cat File1 Viewing the contents of a file starting from the first byte

4. Head

   View file contents in the past

   Head-n File1 View the first n rows of a file

6. Tail

   View file contents from forward to back

   Tail-n File1 View the last n rows of a file

   Tail-f/var/log/boot.log Real-time view of content that is added to a file

8. More

   More File1 View the contents of a long file, unlike cat (show All), more is paginated display

10. Find

Find/-name file1 from '/' to the root file system to search for files and directories

Find/-user User1 search for files and directories belonging to user ' User1 '

Find/home/user1-name \*.bin in directory '/home/user1 ' search for files with '. Bin '

Find/usr/bin-type f-atime +100 Search execution files that have not been used in the last 100 days

Find/usr/bin-type f-mtime-10 search for files created or modified within 10 days

Find/-name \*.rpm-exec chmod 755 ' {} '; Search for files ending with '. RPM ' and define their permissions

Find/-xdev-name \*.rpm search for files ending with '. RPM ', ignoring removable devices such as optical drives, Czech disks, etc.

2. Ifconfig

   Display Ethernet Card Information

4. Mount

   Attach the external device to the system

   Mount/dev/cdrom/mnt/cdrom mount a CDROM or dvdrom

6. Umount

   Umount/dev/cdrom uninstalling an external device that is already hanging on

8. Df

   DF-H displays a list of the partitions that are already mounted

10. Du

Du-sh dir1 estimate directory ' Dir1 ' already used disk space '

Du-sk * | SORT-RN display the size of files and directories in terms of capacity size

2. Useradd

   Useradd User1 create a new user

4. Groupadd

   Groupadd group_name Create a new user group

6. chmod

   chmod ugo+rwx Directory1 Set directory owner (U), Group (g), and others (O) to read (R), write (w), and execute (x) permissions

   chmod go-rwx directory1 Delete Group (g) Read and write execution permissions on the directory with others (O)

8. Chown

Chown user1 File1 Change the Owner property of a file

Chown-r User1 Directory1 Change the owner property of a directory and change the properties of all files in the directory at the same time

1. Tar

TAR-CVF Archive.tar File1 Create a non-compressed tarball

TAR-CVF Archive.tar file1 file2 dir1 Create a file containing ' file1 ', ' file2 ' and ' Dir1 '

TAR-TF Archive.tar Display the contents of a package

TAR-XVF Archive.tar Release a package

TAR-XVF ARCHIVE.TAR-C/TMP releases the compressed package into the/tmp directory

TAR-CVFJ archive.tar.bz2 Dir1 Create a compressed package in BZIP2 format

TAR-XVFJ archive.tar.bz2 extract a compressed package in BZIP2 format

TAR-CVFZ archive.tar.gz Dir1 Create a zipped package in gzip format

TAR-XVFZ archive.tar.gz Unzip a compressed package in gzip format

1. Rpm

RPM-IVH package.rpm Installing an RPM package

RPM-IVH--nodeeps package.rpm Install an RPM package and ignore dependency warnings

Rpm-u package.rpm Update a RPM package without changing its configuration file

Rpm-f package.rpm update one to determine which RPM package is installed

Rpm-e package_name.rpm Delete an RPM package

RPM-QA display all installed RPM packages in the system

Rpm-qa | grep httpd shows all RPM packages with the words "httpd" in their names

Rpm-qi Package_name get special information for an installed package

RPM-QG "System environment/daemons" shows the RPM package for a component

RPM-QL Package_name displays a list of files provided by an already installed RPM package

RPM-QC Package_name Displays a list of configuration files provided by an already installed RPM package

Rpm-q package_name--whatrequires shows a list of dependencies that exist with a RPM package

Rpm-q package_name--whatprovides shows the volume of a RPM package

Rpm-q package_name--scripts Show scripts executed during installation/removal L

Rpm-q package_name--changelog shows the revision history of a RPM package

rpm-qf/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf confirm which RPM package is provided for the given file

RPM-QP package.rpm-l displays a list of files provided by a RPM package that has not been installed

RPM--import/media/cdrom/rpm-gpg-key Import Public key digital certificate

RPM--checksig package.rpm confirming the integrity of a RPM package

RPM-QA Gpg-pubkey confirm the integrity of all RPM packages that have been installed

Rpm-v package_name Check file size, license, type, owner, group, MD5 check, and last modified time

Rpm-va Check all installed RPM packages in the system-use with care

RPM-VP package.rpm confirm that an RPM package is not installed

Rpm2cpio package.rpm | Cpio--extract--make-directories *bin* Run executable from an RPM package

rpm-ivh/usr/src/redhat/rpms/' arch '/package.rpm install a built-in package from a RPM source

Rpmbuild--rebuild package_name.src.rpm Build a RPM package from one RPM source

1. Yum

Yum install package_name download and install a RPM package

Yum Localinstall package_name.rpm will install a RPM package and use your own software repository to resolve all dependencies for you

Yum Update package_name.rpm updates all installed RPM packages in the current system

Yum Update package_name updates a RPM package

Yum Remove package_name Delete an RPM package

Yum list lists all packages installed in the current system

Yum search package_name searching for packages in RPM repositories

Yum Clean Packages cleanup rpm cache to delete downloaded packages

Yum Clean headers Delete all header files

Yum Clean all deletes all cached packages and header files

2. Grep

   grep aug/var/log/messages Find the keyword "/var/log/boot.log" in the file '

   grep ^aug/var/log/messages in file '/var/log/boot.log ' to find words that begin with "."

   grep [0-9]/var/log/messages selects all rows in the '/var/log/boot.log ' file that contain numbers

   grep aug-r/var/log/* searches the directory '/var/log ' and subsequent directories for the string "the"

4. File

   View File types

6. which

   Find execution Command file location

8. Whereis

   Find File storage Path

10. Init

    Switching execution levels, Linux has seven levels of execution:

--run Level 0: Shutdown

--run Level 3: Plain text mode

--run Level 5: Graphics interface mode included

--run Level 6: Restart

Use the init command to switch between the modes. If you want to shut down, you can also use the following instructions to power off the shutdown-h now and Poweroff.

30 common commands for Linux learning