Application of software development and algorithm in computer

Basic knowledge of software development 1, software development strategy:

Waterfall Model: The development process moves to the next step as each step is completed by executing each of the preceding stages in sequence.

Prototype model: Continually evaluate and modify the model as needed until an acceptable version is available, from which a complete system or product can be developed.

Spiral Model: It combines the characteristics of waterfall model and prototype model, and is mainly used in large complex systems.

Agile Models: Adapt and modify as needed. An agile approach that receives great attention is the limit model (extreme PROGRAMMING,XP). Developers are paired to write and test code, and as the project is developed, the code is integrated into the design structure, and the members of the team are often faced with each other.

2. Software Design Method:

Top-down design: Divide the original problem into simpler sub-problems, each sub-problem can be considered separately.

Object-oriented design (object-oriented Design,ood): By confirming a series of objects that are modular, each of these objects is composed of data and operations on the data, which can model the actual objects and cross each other to solve the problem.

Their main ideas are modular. Top-down design focuses on the tasks that must be performed to solve the problem and the algorithms that perform them, while Ood focuses on the "real objects" in the issue.

Small-scale design: small-scale designs can use a method similar to those described for large-scale problems to design a solution.

3. Differences between classes, instances, objects, data members, function members, and so on:

Objects: Each object has two parts, that is, the data member that stores the data and the function member that operates on the data, and we say that the object encapsulates its data and the operations on that data.

Class: A collection of objects of the same type.

Example: Each specific object is referred to as an instance of this class.

4, object-oriented programming features:

Encapsulation: objects can encapsulate data and operations on the data;

Inheritance: A class (subclass or derived class) can reuse all the properties and operations of another class (a base class or a parent class);

Polymorphism: An object can exhibit different forms of behavior at different times.

5. Algorithm + Data structure = Program:

The most important attribute of each data element in a data type problem is its type, which determines its value and operation, as well as the final result. However, some objects are a series of values, while most programming languages provide structured data types (i.e. data structures) to store these series of values, for example, arrays. Most programming languages do provide a mechanism for creating structures that can store different types of elements, such as structs and classes in C + +, classes in Java, structures in Fortran, and records in Pascal. In C + +, the main learning is how to design and create these types (known as abstract data type ADT) and how to implement them using the data types provided in C + +.

In the design process, in addition to the object's data members, you must also consider the operation of these data, you must develop an operation sequence, called an algorithm, to produce this result.

Algorithm: A process that can be performed by a computer (no ambiguity, simplicity, the algorithm must eventually terminate), and the algorithm is usually written in pseudo-code.

For the algorithm of good structure, the following 3 kinds of basic control statements are used, namely order, selection and circulation. Algorithms that use only these three control structures are called structured algorithms (readability, understandable).

6, the three principles of programming:

Procedures and subroutines must have a good structure;

All source code should have the corresponding document;

The source code should be aesthetically pleasing.

7. General Modeling Language (Unified Modeling language,uml):

UML is a visual modeling language used in object-oriented design.

Principle: The name of the class is in the topmost part, the data member is in the second part, and the function member is in the third part.

The function of the algorithm in the computer 1, what is the algorithm?

An algorithm (algorithm) is any well-defined procedure that takes a collection of values or values as input and produces a set of values or values as output. This algorithm is a sequence that converts the input into an output calculation step.

2. The two characteristics common to algorithmic problems are:

(1), there are many candidate solutions, but the overwhelming majority of candidate solutions do not solve the problem at hand. Finding a real solution or one of the best solutions can be a big challenge.

(2), there are practical applications.

3. What is a data structure?

A data structure is a way to store and organize your information and is designed for easy access and modification. No single data structure is effective for all purposes, so it is important to know the advantages and limitations of several data structures.

4, the type of data structure and other advantages and limitations of their respective????

Answer: Not to be continued ....

Application of software development and algorithm in computer