Automated installation of Linux systems

CentOS System Installation

System Startup process:

Bootloader-->kernel (INITRAMFS)-->rootfs-->/sbin/init

Anaconda: System installation program

Tui: A text window based on the graphics library curses

GUI: Graphics window

Setup startup procedures

①mbr:boot.cat

②stage2:isolinux/isolinux.bin

Configuration file: Isolinux/isolinux.cfg

Each of the corresponding menu options:

Load kernel: Isolinuz/vmlinuz

Pass parameters to the kernel: Append initrd=initrd.img ...

③ mount the root file system and start Anaconda

Default Startup GUI interface

If you explicitly specify to use the Tui interface: Pass the text parameter to the kernel

(1) Press the TAB key to add text to the back

(2) Press the ESC key: Boot:linux text

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Anaconda Working Process

The Anaconda installation system is divided into three stages:

① Pre-installation configuration phase

Language used in the installation process

Keyboard type

Installing the target storage device

Basic Storage: Local Disk

Special Equipment: ISCSI

Set host name

Configuring network Interfaces

Time

Administrator password

Setting the partitioning method and the installation location of the MBR

Create a normal user

Select the packages to install

② installation Phase

Create a partition on the target disk, perform a format operation, etc.

Installs the selected package to the target location

Installing bootloader and Initramfs

③ sometimes requires some simple configuration after the first boot

Such as:

Iptables

SELinux

Core Dump

System Installation

The boot installation process should generally be located on the boot device, and subsequent anaconda and the packages it installs are available in the following ways:

Local Disc

Local hard disk

FTP Server:yum Repository

HTTP Server:yum repostory

NFS Server

If you want to specify the installation source manually:

ESC key: Boot:linux Askmethod or TAB key: follow Up Askmethod

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Specify the path and continue with the installation

How to configure Anaconda:

(1) Interactive configuration mode

(2) Automatically complete the configuration by reading the configuration file given beforehand;

Configuration options given by a specific syntax;

Kickstart file

Install boot boot option: Boot:

Text: How to install texts

Askmethod: Manually specify the installation method to use

Network-related boot options:

Ip=ipaddr

Netmask=mask

Gateway=gw

Dns=dns_server_ip

Ifname=name:mac_addr

Boot options related to the remote access feature:

Vnc

Vncpassword= ' PASSWORD '

Indicate the location of the Kickstart file: ks=

DVD Drive:ks=cdrom:/path/to/kickstart_file

Hard Drive:ks=hd:device:/directory/kickstart_file

HTTP Server:ks=http://host:port/path/to/kickstart_file

FTP Server:ks=ftp://host:port/path/to/kickstart_file

HTTPS Server:ks=https://host:port/path/to/kickstart_file

NFS Server:ks=nfs:host:/path/to/kickstart_file

Activate emergency rescue mode:

Rescue

Official document: "Installation Guide"

Format of Kickstart file

① Command segment: Indicates a variety of pre-installation configuration, such as keyboard type;

② Package Segment: Indicates the package group or package to be installed, packages not installed, etc.;

%packages

@group_name

Package (Installed packages)

-package (Specify a package that is not installed)

%end

③ Script segment:

%pre: Pre-installation script

Operating environment: Micro-Linux environment running on installation media

%post: Post-installation script

Operating environment: installation of completed systems

Commands in the command segment:

Required commands

Authconfig: Authentication method with

authconfig--useshadow--passalgo=sha512

Installation location and related configuration of Bootloader:bootloader

Bootloader--location=mbr--driveorder=sda–

append= "Crashkernel=auto Rhgbquiet"

Keyboard: Setting Keyboard type

Lang: Language type

Part: Creating Partitions

ROOTPW: Indicates the root password

TimeZone: Time zone

Optional commands

Install OR Upgrade

Text: Installation Interface

Network

Firewall

SELinux

Halt

Poweroff

Reboot

Repo

User: Create a new user for the system after the installation is complete

URL: Indicates the installation source

Key–skip Skip installation number for Rhel version

Kickstart file creation

How to create a Kickstart file:

(1) Direct manual editing;

Modify based on a template

(2) You can use the Create tool: System-config-kickstart

Check the KS file for syntax errors: ksvalidator

# Ksvalidator/path/to/kickstart_file

Making a bootable CD and USB flash drive

To create a bootable disc:

#cp/media/cdrom/isolinux//tmp/myiso/

#vi/tmp/myiso/isolinux/isolinux.cfg

Initrd=initrd.imgtext ks=cdrom:/myks.cfg

#cp/root/myks.cfg/tmp/myiso/

#cd/tmp

# mkisofs-r-j-t-v--no-emul-boot--boot-load-size 4--boot-info-table-v "CentOS boot"-B isolinux/isolinux.bin-c ISO Linux/boot.cat-o/root/boot.isomyiso/

Create a USB drive boot disk

#dd if=/dev/sr0 Of=/dev/sdb

Automated installation of Linux systems