Basic computer components

What is a computer?

A computer is an electronic tool for computing ....

How does a computer work?

the computer is a computing tool, because the CPU calculator of the computer can only perform addition operations, multiplication and division are implemented through the arithmetic transformation of the adder. the maximum number of BITs that the CPU can perform is the number of bits. For example, a 32-bit CPU can only perform 32-bit (Binary) operations, for example, when performing addition operations, there must be 32 lines to be sent to the receiver, 32 lines to be sent to the receiver, and 32 lines to read the calculation results, however, this is obviously very troublesome. There are a lot of optical lines in the production process, so we only use one bus to transmit data to the receiver. But how does the receiver know which data is used? This uses the control bus. when data is transferred to the receiver, the Controller will also tell the receiver what is being transmitted, the trouble is, how to save the data to the receiver? Otherwise, the next data will overwrite the original data, and the Register will be used to save the temporary data. The size is the same as the CPU bit length. The result of the operation is then written into the memory through the control of the controller. We know that computer data transmission uses binary data transmission. Why don't we use the decimal method to transmit big data each time? computers use electricity and learn physics, voltage is divided into positive and negative values. If data is transmitted in decimal format, it is divided into 10 different voltage segments. However, the line has resistance and data is sent to the destination, the voltage may be completely incorrect, so this method is not feasible, and the binary method only uses positive and negative to indicate that there will be no error. Now we return to the addition operation, data is transmitted to the generator through 32 lines to pass in binary (assuming a 32-bit machine). The input data is achieved through a similar switch. Closed means 1, disconnected means 0, it is impossible to manually switch the CPU. Even manual operations are inefficient, therefore, the CPU has a special component to implement this function. The speed of this component also has a great impact on the speed of the CPU. The speed is represented by Hz as the speed of the CPU, according to my understanding, this has a lot to do with the CPU clock speed. Another major impact on computer speed (CPU) is storage. Data Storage from CPU to memory is time-consuming, currently, the CPU clock speed is generally three GHz and the maximum memory is 16 MHz. The gap is very large. Therefore, with high-speed cache, there are about three high-speed caches in the CPU: level 1 cache, level 2 cache .... The first-level cache is closest to the CPU, with the smallest capacity, the fastest speed, and the most expensive. The cost of the cache is even higher than that of the CPU generator, and the second-level and third-level cache are gradually downgraded. Of course, the fastest cache is the register, and of course the capacity is the smallest.

Not complete...

All of the above are my personal understandings, and there must be a lot of misunderstandings. Please be grateful to all of you!

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