Black Horse programmer--c enumeration in the language

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In a program, you might need to define an alias for some integers, and we can do this with the preprocessing directive # define, and your code might be:

#define MON 1

#define TUE 2

#define WED 3

#define THU 4

#define FRI 5

#define SAT 6

#define SUN 7

Here, we define a new type of data, and hopefully it will do the same. This new data type is called enum type.

1. Define a new data type-enum type

The following code defines this new data type-enum type

Enum Day

{

Mon=1, TUE, WED, THU, FRI, SAT, SUN

};

(1) An enum is a collection in which the elements (enumeration members) are named integer constants, separated by commas.

(2) Day is an identifier that can be regarded as the name of the collection, an optional, or optional item.

(3) The default value of the first enumeration member is 0 of the integer type, and the value of the subsequent enumeration member is added 1 on the previous member.

(4) The value of an enumeration member can be set artificially to customize an integer within a range.

(5) Enum type is an alternative to the pre-processing directive # define.

(6) The type definition is semicolon-terminated;

2. Declaring a variable with an enumeration type

Once the new data type definition is complete, it is ready to use. We have seen the most basic data types, such as Integer int, single-precision float float, double-precision floating-point double, char char, short integer, and so on. Declaring variables with these basic data types is usually the case:

Char A; The type of variable A is character char

Char letter;

int x,

Y

Z The types of variables x, y, and z are int integers

int number;

Double m, N;

Double result; The type of the variable result is a double-precision floating-point type

Since an enumeration is also a data type, it can declare variables as well as basic data types.

Method One: The definition of the enumeration type and the declaration of the variable are separated

Enum Day

{

Mon=1, TUE, WED, THU, FRI, SAT, SUN

};

Enum Day yesterday;

Enum Day Today;

Enum Day tomorrow; The type of the variable tomorrow is enum-enum day

Enum Day Good_day, Bad_day; The types of variables Good_day and BAD_DAY are enumerated enum day

Method Two: Type definition and variable declaration at the same time:

Enum//differs from the first definition, where the designator day is omitted, which is allowed.

{

Saturday

Sunday = 0,

Monday

Tuesday,

Wednesday,

Thursday,

Friday

} workday; The type of the variable workday is enum-enum day

Enum Week {mon=1, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri Sat, Sun} days; The type of the variable days is enumerated enum week

Enum BOOLEAN {false, true} End_flag, Match_flag; Defines an enumeration type and declares two enum-type variables

Method Three: Use the TypeDef keyword to define an enumeration type as an alias and use that alias for variable declaration:

typedef enum WORKDAY

{

Saturday

Sunday = 0,

Monday

Tuesday,

Wednesday,

Thursday,

Friday

} workday; The workday here is the alias of enum enum workday

Workday today, tomorrow; Variables today and tomorrow are enumerated type workday, which is enum workday

The workday in enum workday can be omitted:

typedef enum

{

Saturday

Sunday = 0,

Monday

Tuesday,

Wednesday,

Thursday,

Friday

} workday; The workday here is the alias of enum enum workday

Workday today, tomorrow; Variables today and tomorrow are enumerated type workday, which is enum workday

You can also use this method:

typedef enum WORKDAY

{

Saturday

Sunday = 0,

Monday

Tuesday,

Wednesday,

Thursday,

Friday

};

Workday today, tomorrow; Variables today and tomorrow are enumerated type workday, which is enum workday

Note: An enumeration type with the same name cannot be defined in the same program, and a named constant with the same name cannot exist in a different enumeration type. The error examples are as follows:

Error declaration One: An enumeration type with the same name exists

typedef enum

{

Wednesday,

Thursday,

Friday

} workday;

typedef enum WEEK

{

Saturday

Sunday = 0,

Monday

} workday;

Error declaration two: An enumeration member with the same name exists

typedef enum

{

Wednesday,

Thursday,

Friday

} workday_1;

typedef enum WEEK

{

Wednesday,

Sunday = 0,

Monday

} workday_2;

3. Using variables of enum type

3.1 Assigns a value to the enumeration type variable.

An instance compares the assignment of an enumeration type with the assignment of a base data type:

Method One: Declare the variable first, then assign a value to the variable

#include <stdio.h>

Enum Day {mon=1, TUE, WED, THU, FRI, SAT, SUN};

void Main ()

{

int x, y, Z;

x = 10;

y = 20;

z = 30;

Enum Day yesterday, today, tomorrow;

Yesterday = MON;

Today = TUE;

Tomorrow = WED;

printf ("%d%d%d \ n", Yesterday, today, tomorrow);

}

Method Two: Assigning the initial value while declaring the variable

#include <stdio.h>

Enum Day {mon=1, TUE, WED, THU, FRI, SAT, SUN};

void Main ()

{

int x=10, y=20, z=30;

Enum Day yesterday = MON,

Today = TUE,

Tomorrow = WED;

printf ("%d%d%d \ n", Yesterday, today, tomorrow);

}

Method Three: Declare the variable while defining the type, and then assign a value to the variable.

#include <stdio.h>

Enum Day {mon=1, TUE, WED, THU, FRI, SAT, SUN} Yesterday, today, tomorrow;

int x, y, Z;

void Main ()

{

x = 10;  y = 20; z = 30;

Yesterday = MON;

Today = TUE;

Tomorrow = WED;

printf ("%d%d%d \ n", x, Y, z); Output: 10 20 30

printf ("%d%d%d \ n", Yesterday, today, tomorrow); Output: 1 2 3

}

Method Four: Type definition, variable declaration, assign the initial value at the same time.

#include <stdio.h>

Enum Day

{

Mon=1,

TUE,

WED,

THU,

FRI,

Sat

SUN

}

Yesterday = MON, today = TUE, tomorrow = WED;

int x = ten, y =, z = 30;

void Main ()

{

printf ("%d%d%d \ n", x, Y, z); Output: 10 20 30

printf ("%d%d%d \ n", Yesterday, today, tomorrow); Output: 1 2 3

}

3.2 When assigning an integer value to an enumerated variable, a type conversion is required.

#include <stdio.h>

Enum Day {mon=1, TUE, WED, THU, FRI, SAT, SUN};

void Main ()

{

Enum Day yesterday, today, tomorrow;

Yesterday = TUE;

Today = (enum day) (yesterday + 1); Type conversions

Tomorrow = (enum day) 30; Type conversions

Tomorrow = 3; Error

printf ("%d%d%d \ n", Yesterday, today, tomorrow); Output: 2 3 30

}

3.3 Using the enum-type variable

#include <stdio.h>

Enum

{

BELL = ' \a ',

BACKSPACE = ' \b ',

Htab = ' \ t ',

RETURN = ' \ r ',

NEWLINE = ' \ n ',

vtab = ' \v ',

SPACE = '

};

Enum BOOLEAN {FALSE = 0, TRUE} match_flag;

void Main ()

{

int index = 0;

int count_of_letter = 0;

int count_of_space = 0;

Char str[] = "I ' m Ely efod";

Match_flag = FALSE;

for (; Str[index]! = ' + '; index++)

if (SPACE! = Str[index])

count_of_letter++;

Else

{

Match_flag = (enum BOOLEAN) 1;

count_of_space++;

}

printf ("%s%d times%c", Match_flag?) "Match": "Not Match", Count_of_space, NEWLINE);

printf ("Count of letters:%d%c%c", Count_of_letter, NEWLINE, RETURN);

}

Output:

Match 2 times

Count of Letters:10

Press any key to continue

4. Enumeration type and sizeof operator

#include <stdio.h>

Enum escapes

{

BELL = ' \a ',

BACKSPACE = ' \b ',

Htab = ' \ t ',

RETURN = ' \ r ',

NEWLINE = ' \ n ',

vtab = ' \v ',

SPACE = '

};

Enum BOOLEAN {FALSE = 0, TRUE} match_flag;

void Main ()

{

printf ("%d bytes \ n", sizeof (enum escapes)); 4 bytes

printf ("%d bytes \ n", sizeof (escapes)); 4 bytes

printf ("%d bytes \ n", sizeof (enum BOOLEAN)); 4 bytes

printf ("%d bytes \ n", sizeof (BOOLEAN)); 4 bytes

printf ("%d bytes \ n", sizeof (Match_flag)); 4 bytes

printf ("%d bytes \ n", sizeof (SPACE)); 4 bytes

printf ("%d bytes \ n", sizeof (NEWLINE)); 4 bytes

printf ("%d bytes \ n", sizeof (FALSE)); 4 bytes

printf ("%d bytes \ n", sizeof (0)); 4 bytes

}

An enum is a basic data type, equivalent to a uint,

5. General examples

#include <stdio.h>

Enum Season

{

Spring, summer=100, fall=96, winter

};

typedef enum

{

Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday

}

Weekday;

void Main ()

{

printf ("%d \ n", spring); 0

printf ("%d,%c \ n", Summer, Summer); The D

printf ("%d \ n", fall+winter); 193

Season Myseason=winter;

if (Winter==myseason)

printf ("Myseason is winter \ n"); Myseason is winter

int x=100;

if (X==summer)

printf ("X is equal to summer\n"); X is equal to summer

printf ("%d bytes\n", sizeof (spring)); 4 bytes

printf ("sizeof Weekday is:%d \ n", sizeof (Weekday)); sizeof Weekday Is:4

Weekday today = Saturday;

Weekday tomorrow;

if (today = = Monday)

Tomorrow = Tuesday;

Else

Tomorrow = (Weekday) (today + 1); Remember to convert from int to Weekday

}

Black Horse programmer--c enumeration in the language