Common rate conversion relationships in computer networks (B/S vs B/S)

In computer networks and IDCs, the unit of bandwidth rate is expressed in BPS (or B/S). The conversion relationship is 1 byte = 8bit.
1B = 8B ---------- 1B/S = 8B/s (or 1bps = 8bps)
1kb = 1024b ---------- 1kb/S = 1024b/s
1 MB = 1024kb ---------- 1 Mb/s = 1024kb/s
In actual online applications, when downloading software, you often see the words "Bandwidth speed", such as KB (kb/s) and 103kb/s, because the ISP's line bandwidth is measured in bits, and the download software usually displays byte (1 byte = 8 bits), the actual value can be obtained through conversion. However, we can convert it according to the conversion formula:
128kb/S = 128 × 8 (kb/s) = 1024kb/S = 1 MB/S: 128kb/S = 1 MB/S
Theoretically: the theoretical bandwidth speed of 2 m (2 Mb/s) is 256kb/s (that is, 2048kb/s), and the actual rate is about 80 -- 200kb/s; (This is caused by many factors, such as the user's computer performance, network equipment quality, resource usage, network peak periods, website service capabilities, line attenuation, and signal attenuation ). The theoretical bandwidth of 4 m (4 Mb/s) is 200 kb/s, and the actual rate is about --- kb/s.
The uplink Speed refers to the data transmission rate when the user's computer sends information to the network. the downlink Speed refers to the transmission rate when the network sends information to the user's computer. For example, if you use ftp to upload files to the Internet, the upload speed will be "Uplink speed". If you download files from the Internet, the download speed will be "downlink speed ". Of course, in the actual upload and download process, the quality of lines, devices (including computers and other devices) will also have a greater or less impact on the speed. Bandwidth network speed calculation method.

Basic knowledge:
In computer science, bit is the smallest unit of information, which is called a binary bit. It is usually represented by 0 and 1. Byte is called a byte. It consists of eight (8 bit) bytes (1 byte), used to represent a character in the computer. Bit and byte can be converted. The conversion relationship is 1 byte = 8bit (or 1B = 8b, that is, 1bit is abbreviated to 1B (note that it is a lowercase English letter B), and 1byte is abbreviated to 1B (note that it is a capital English letter B ).
Generally, in a computer network or network operator, the unit of bandwidth rate is expressed in BPS (or B/S); BPS indicates the number of bits per second (that is, the number of bits transmitted per second, it is the abbreviation of bit per second. In practice, 1 mbps bandwidth means 1 Mbps (1 Mbps for megabits per second instead of 1 Mbps for megabytes ).
We recommend that you remember the following conversion formula:
1B = 8B 1B/S = 8B/s (or 1bps = 8bps)
1kb = 1024b 1kb/S = 1024b/s
1 MB = 1024kb 1 Mb/s = 1024kb/s and so on

Standard tip: in actual writing specifications, B should represent byte (bytes), and B should represent bit (BIT ), however, in actual writing, bit and byte are both mixed into B, for example, both MB/s and MB/s are mixed into MB/s, this leads to errors due to unit confusion in actual computing. Please note !!!

Instance:In our actual online applications, when downloading software, we often see the words "128 Kbps (kb/s), 103kb/s", and so on, because the ISP's line bandwidth is measured in bits, and the download software usually displays byte (1 byte = 8 bits), the actual value can be obtained through conversion. However, we can convert it according to the conversion formula:

128 kb/s = × 8 (kb/s) = 1024kb/S = 1 MB/s, that is, kb/s = 1 Mb/s.

Special attention!

Case 1: Why is my network speed different from my bandwidth? I am working on a 4 m broadband network, but why does my test have a network speed of more than 2 hundred kb? Did China Telecom lie to me? Didn't I open 4 m for me?
Case study: Dear user, this is just a misunderstanding. There may be several reasons you don't understand: first, the actual network speed is measured in MB/s, not in MB/s, but what you call more than K, it actually refers to the fact that more than two hundred kb/s (that is, more than two hundred thousand bytes per second) is not more than two hundred kb/s (that is, more than two hundred thousand bits per second ), generally, it is referred to as 250 kb/s or kb/s for short. Second, the bandwidth is 4 Mb/s = kb/s, and this is only the maximum theoretical value in technology, rather than the actual value, under normal circumstances, the maximum theoretical value of 4 Mb/s bandwidth can reach kb/s to kb/s. Because the bandwidth rate is affected by many factors (such as the user's computer performance, resource usage, network peak hours, website service capabilities, signal attenuation, line attenuation, distance, and so on, therefore, there is a deviation between the actual value and the maximum theoretical value. Third, in the bandwidth unit provided by the network operator, "BPS" indicates "bit
Per second ". The actual speed refers to the BPS "Byte per second ". Therefore, after conversion, and 1 byte = 8 bit, in the calculation of the uplink speed or downlink speed of the network speed, the value must be divided by 8 to convert the bit to byte. For example, if the downstream speed (that is, the download speed) is 1 Mb/s, the equivalent value is 128 Kbps. The conversion method is 1 Mbps = 1024/8 (Kbps) = 128 Kbps, that is, Kbyte/s.

Case 2: A User reported that I ran a 4 m broadband network. Why is my network speed slower than usual and frequent disconnection? Did China Telecom lie to me? Didn't I open 4 m for me?
Case study: Dear user, this is just a misunderstanding. There are several possible causes of slow network speeds and frequent disconnection: first, computer viruses are more serious; second, computer hardware and software configuration and performance; 3. Quality of online terminals, network cable quality, and line transmission load; 4. Good line contact and stable power supply voltage; fifth, external signal interference, signal attenuation, line attenuation, and line distance; sixth, private or non-standard networking; seventh, poor network adapter quality or not plugged in; 8. Install a variety of anti-virus software and firewalls or run too many programs at the same time. 9. reasons such as communication protocol settings and firewall configuration. In this case, the user's situation has been identified, the reasons for the slow speed and disconnection of the user are: first, the user's computer is infected with a variety of viruses, resulting in memory usage, high CPU usage, often up to 100%; affects the computer performance, this slows down the network speed. Second, the user applies for ADSL dial-up Internet access. due to irregular private networking, the line transmission load increases, affecting the line transmission traffic, resulting in slow network speed and frequent disconnection. Third, the connection between the RJ45 network cable and the hub is in bad contact and the power supply voltage is unstable.