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C.__call__ (self, *args) represents a callable instance
C.__nonzero__ (self) defines the value false for object; built-in BOOL () (starting with version 2.2)
C.__len__ (self) "Length" (available for classes); built-in Len ()
Special Method Description
Object (value) comparison C
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Special Method Description
Custom class/simulation type
Numeric type: binary operator
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Numeric type: unary operator
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Numeric type: Numeric conversion
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Numeric type: basic notation (String)
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Numeric type: Numeric compression
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Sequence type
[Code]
The number of items in the c.__len__ (self) sequence
C.__GETITEM__ (self, Ind) gets a single sequence element
C.__setitem__ (self, Ind,val) sets a single sequence element
C.__DELITEM__ (self, IND) delete a single sequence element
Special Method Description
Sequence type
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Mapping type
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Remember a few common python functions, lest you forget
Get the file extension function: Returns the path to the file name before the extension and the expanded name.
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OS and Os.path modules
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Os.path.isdir (name): Determine if Name is a directory, name is not a directory and return false
Os.path.isfile (name): Determine if name is not a file, does not exist name also returns false
Os.path.exists (name): Determine if there is a file or directory name
Os.path.getsize (name): Get file size, if name is directory return 0L
Os.path.abspath (name): Get absolute path
Os.path.normpath (PATH): Canonical path string form
Os.path.split (name): Split file name and directory (in fact, if you use the directory completely, it will also separate the last directory as the file name, and it will not determine whether the file or directory exists)
Os.path.splitext (): Detach file name and extension
Os.path.join (path,name): Connection directory with file name or directory
Os.path.basename (PATH): Return file name
Os.path.dirname (PATH): Return file path
1. Renaming: Os.rename (old, new)
2. Delete: Os.remove (file)
3. List files in directory: Os.listdir (PATH)
4. Get current working directory: OS.GETCWD ()
5. Change of working directory: Os.chdir (newdir)
6. Create a multilevel directory: Os.makedirs (r "C:\python\test")
7. Create a single directory: Os.mkdir ("Test")
8. Delete Multiple directories: Os.removedirs (r "C:\python") #删除所给路径最后一个目录下所有空目录.
9. Delete a single directory: Os.rmdir ("Test")
10. Get File attributes: Os.stat (file)
11. Modify file permissions and timestamps: Os.chmod (file)
12. Execute operating system command: Os.system ("dir")
13. Start a new process: Os.exec (), OS.EXECVP ()
14. Executing the program in the background: OSSPAWNV ()
15. Terminate the current process: Os.exit (), Os._exit ()
16. Detach file Name: Os.path.split (r "c:\python\hello.py")--("C:\\python", "hello.py")
17. Detach Extension: Os.path.splitext (r "c:\python\hello.py")--("C:\\python\\hello", ". Py")
18. Get path name: Os.path.dirname (r "c:\python\hello.py")--"C:\\python"
19. Get File Name: Os.path.basename (r "r:\python\hello.py")--"hello.py"
20. Determine if the file exists: os.path.exists (r "c:\python\hello.py")---True
21. Determine if absolute path: Os.path.isabs (r ". \python\")---False
22. Determine if it is a directory: Os.path.isdir (r "C:\python")--True
23. Determine if it is a file: Os.path.isfile (r "c:\python\hello.py")---True
24. Determine if it is a linked file: Os.path.islink (r "c:\python\hello.py")---False
25. Get File Size: os.path.getsize (filename)
26.*******:os.ismount ("c:\\")--True
27. Search all files in directory: Os.path.walk ()
[2.shutil]
1. Copying individual files: shultil.copy (Oldfile, Newfle)
2. Copy Entire directory tree: Shultil.copytree (r ". \setup", R ". \backup")
3. Delete entire directory tree: Shultil.rmtree (r ". \backup")
[3.tempfile]
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2. Open temporary file: tempfile. Temporaryfile ()
[4.StringIO] #cStringIO是StringIO模块的快速实现模块
1. Create the memory file and write the initial data: F = Stringio.stringio ("Hello world!")
2. Read in memory file data: Print F.read () #或print f.getvalue ()--Hello world!
3. Want the memory file to write data: F.write ("Good day!")
4. Close the memory file: F.close ()
View Source code Printing Help
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def secs2str (secs):
Return strftime ("%y-%m-%d%h:%m:%s", localtime (secs))
>>> Secs2str (1227628280.0)
' 2008-11-25 23:51:20 '
Outputs the specified Struct_time (default current time), based on the specified formatted string
Python format symbols in time Date:
%y Two-digit year representation (00-99)
%Y Four-digit year representation (000-9999)
%m Month (01-12)
One day in%d months (0-31)
%H 24-hour hours (0-23)
%I 12-hour hours (01-12)
%M minutes (00=59)
%s seconds (00-59)
%a Local Simplified Week name
%A Local Full week name
%b a locally simplified month name
%B Local Full month name
%c Local corresponding date representation and time representation
%j Day of the Year (001-366)
%p the equivalent of a local a.m. or p.m.
%u weeks of the year (00-53) Sunday is the beginning of the week
%w Week (0-6), Sunday for the beginning of the week
%W Week of the Year (00-53) Monday is the beginning of the week
%x Local corresponding date representation
%x Local corresponding time representation
%Z the name of the current time zone
Percent% of the number itself
9.strptime (...)
Strptime (string, format), Struct_time
Converts a time string to an array of time based on a specified format character
For example:
2009-03-20 11:45:39 The corresponding formatted string is:%y-%m-%d%h:%m:%s
Sat 28 22:24:24 2009 The corresponding formatted string is:%a%b%d%h:%m:%s%Y
10.time (...)
Floating point number, time ()
Returns the timestamp of the current time
Third, doubtful points
1. Daylight Saving Time
In Struct_time, daylight saving time seems to be useless, for example
A = (2009, 6, 28, 23, 8, 34, 5, 87, 1)
B = (2009, 6, 28, 23, 8, 34, 5, 87, 0)
A and B represent daylight saving time and standard times, which convert to timestamps should be related to 3600, but the output will be 646585714.0 after conversion.
Four, small application
1.python Get current time
Time.time () gets the current timestamp
Time.localtime () struct_time form of the current time
Time.ctime () The string form of the current time
2.python formatted string
Formatted as 2009-03-20 11:45:39 in the form of
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Time.strftime ("%a%b%d%h:%m:%s%Y", Time.localtime ()) 3. Convert a format string to a timestamp
A = "Sat Mar 28 22:24:24 2009"
b = Time.mktime (Time.strptime (A, "%a%b%d%h:%m:%s%Y"))
Time module:
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Time () #以浮点形式返回自Linux新世纪以来经过的秒数. In Linux, 00:00:00 UTC,
January 1, 1970 is the beginning of the new **49**.
>>> Time.time ()
1150269086.6630149
>>> Time.ctime (1150269086.6630149)
>>> ' Wed June 14 15:11:26 2006 '
Time.ctime ([sec]) #把秒数转换成日期格式, if no parameters are present, displays the current time.
>>> Import Time
>>> Time.ctime ()
>>> ' Wed June 14 15:02:50 2006 '
>>> Time.ctime (1138068452427683)
' Sat Dec 14 04:51:44 1901 '
>>> time.ctime (os.path.getmtime (' e:\\untitleds.bmp '))
' Fri Sep 19 16:35:37 2008 '
>>> time.gmtime (os.path.getmtime (' e:\\untitleds.bmp '))
Time.struct_time (tm_year=2008, tm_mon=9, tm_mday=19, tm_hour=8, tm_min=35,
tm_sec=37, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=263, tm_isdst=0)
Convert a file's modification time to a date format (seconds to date)
>>> time.strftime ('%y-%m-%d%x ', Time.localtime (os.path.getmtime (' e:\\untitleds.bmp '))
' 2008-09-19 16:35:37 '
#定时3秒.
>>> Time.sleep (3)
Time Module Reference:
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#取一个文件的修改时间
>>> os.path.getmtime (' e:\\untitleds.bmp ')
1221813337.7626641
Variable
TimeZone the difference between the universal reconcile time and the local standard time, in seconds.
Altzone General coordination time and local daylight savings difference
Daylight flag, whether the local time reflects daylight savings.
Tzname (Standard Time zone name, Daylight Time zone name)
Function
Time () returns the number of seconds since the era to date with floating-point numbers.
Clock () returns the time at which the CPU starts the process with a floating-point number (or until the last time the function was called)
Sleep () Delays a number of seconds in floating-point numbers.
Gmtime () Converts a time in seconds to a universal Coordinated time sequence
LocalTime () converts seconds to local time series
Asctime () Converts a time series to a written description
CTime () Converts the second time to the written description
Mktime () converts a local time series into seconds
Strftime () Converts a sequence to a text description in the specified format
strptime () Resolves a time series from a text description in the specified format
Tzset () Change local time zone values
DateTime module
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DateTime converts a date to seconds
-------------------------------------
>>> Import Datetime,time
>>> Time.mktime (Datetime.datetime (2009,1,1). Timetuple ())
1230739200.0
>>> cc=[2000,11,3,12,43,33] #Attributes: Year, month, day, hour, minute,
Second
>>> Time.mktime (Datetime.datetime (Cc[0],cc[1],cc[2],cc[3],cc[4],cc[5]). Timetuple ())
973226613.0
Convert seconds to date format
>>> cc = time.localtime (os.path.getmtime (' e:\\untitleds.bmp '))
>>> Print Cc[0:3]
(2008, 9, 19)
datetime example
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Demo calculation of two date difference days
>>> Import datetime
>>> D1 = Datetime.datetime (2005, 2, 16)
>>> D2 = Datetime.datetime (2004, 12, 31)
>>> (D1-D2). Days
47
Shows examples of calculation run times, displayed in seconds
Import datetime
StartTime = Datetime.datetime.now ()
#long Running
Endtime = Datetime.datetime.now ()
Print (endtime-starttime). seconds
Demonstrates the time to calculate the current time backwards by 10 hours.
>>> D1 = Datetime.datetime.now ()
>>> d3 = d1 + Datetime.timedelta (hours=10)
>>> D3.ctime ()
The classes used in this book are: DateTime and Timedelta two. They can be added and reduced between each other. Each class has some methods and properties to view the specific values
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