Common Linux commands

Common Linux commands
Command [Option] [parameter]


------------------------ Positioning ------------------------
Cd webapps/-- locate webapps
Cd .. -- return to the parent directory
Cd--- return to the last directory
Cd -- return to the home directory


-- Display the complete path of the current file
Pwd
-- Clear screen
Ctrl + L


------------------------ Demonstration ------------------------
Ls -- display the file list
--- Display details
Ll-h (the file is displayed in kb)-a (show all files)-d (show non-Folder content in the current folder)
Eg: ll-h/data/www/


------------------------ Directory ------------------------
Mkdir test -- create a folder
Mkdir-p test/test2 -- recursively create a folder (-p indicates recursion)
Rmdir test -- delete a folder (it must be an empty folder)
-- Recursively delete a file (directory) Command (do not use-r to execute all files-f to force execution without prompting)
Rm-rf webRoot.zip
-- Copy the file to the Guidance directory (cut the mv)
Cp-rf linux.txt/data/backup
--- View all directories in the folder
Find-type d (all folders)
Find-type f (all files)


---------------------- File ------------------------
-- View File Content
Cat jdbc. properties
-- Make the file in editing mode
Vi database. propertie
-- Enable edit mode-> Save and exit (do not save and Exit)
I Esc: wq! (: Q !)


-- Replace the file (replace all 58.68.237.36 with 127.0.0.1)
Sed-I's/58.68.237.36/127.0.0.1/G' database. propertie
-- Screen scroll command
Ctrl + u: half screen at the beginning of the file
Ctrl + d: Flip the half screen to the end of the file


------------------------ Upload and download ------------------------
-- Upload (after the command is executed, a prompt is displayed to select a folder)
Rz-
-- Download the file (the file will be downloaded directly. The default directory can be viewed in Option-X/Y/Zmodem)
Sz
------------------------ Link command ------------------------
Ln adms. log/home/test/adms. log. hard -- hard link (similar to file copy)
Ln-s adms. log/home/test/adms. log. hard -- soft link (shortcut)


----------------------------- File query ----------------------------------
-- Database-like Lookup
-- Locate (database index search)
Eg: locate install. log
-- Updatedb (the index will not be created immediately for the newly created file database. You can execute this command to update it)


-- System Command Query
-- Whereis (system command query -- display file location and help document)
Eg: whereis ls/whatis ls/whoami
-- Which (display command alias)


-- Directory Search
-- Find (resource consumption of the entire directory will be retrieved)
(1) find/home-name adms. log -- exact match (case sensitive-inname not differentiated)
(2) find/home-name "adms. log *" -- match files starting with adms. log
(3) find/home-name "adms. lo [gm] *" -- match any character in brackets (only one character is allowed)
-- Search by Time
Find/var/log-mtime + 10 (+ 10 ten days ago, 10 days ago,-10 days ago)
-- Search by size
Find/home-size 25 k (+-indicates the range, 25 M -- find MB files with Case sensitivity)
Eg: find/home-size + 1 k-a-size-5 k (find files larger than 1 k and less than 3 k or use-o)


-- File search
-- Grep (retrieving files)
Grep "url" adms. log




----------------------------- HELP command ----------------------------------
Man passwd -- The First Command help document is displayed by default.
Man-f passwd -- View several help documents for release
Man 4 passwd -- view the fourth release
-- Query help documents containing keyword commands
Man-k passwd




----------------------------- Compression and decompression ----------------------------------
-- Zip
Zip log.txt.zip log.txt -- compress the file
Zip-r img.zip img -- compression directory
Unzip-o log.txt.zip/img.zip -- decompress the file/directory (the same file will be overwritten)
Unzip-d./img_new./img.zip (extract the file to the img_new directory in the current directory)
Unzip-v img.zip (view files under the compressed package file)
-- View the size of a non-compressed directory
Du-hs img
-- Extract the war package from the current directory
Jar-xvf game. war




-- Gzip
Gzip log.txt -- the source file disappears after the file is compressed
Gzip-r img -- only compresses the sub-files in the directory
Gunzip log.txt.gz/gzip-d log.txt.gz -- decompress the file


-- Bzip2 (only files can be compressed)
Bzip2 log.txt -- the source file disappears after the file is compressed
Bzip2-k log.txt -- the source file does not disappear after the file is compressed
Bunzip2 log.txt.bz2/bunzip2-d log.txt.bz2 -- decompress the file


-- Tar (packaging)
Tar-cvf img.tar img (-c Indicates retaining the source file-v indicates the compression process-f specifies the file name after compression)
Tar-xvf img.tar -- extract (-x)
Then compress the eg:
Gzip img.tar
Bzip2 img.tar


-- Tar direct compression
Tar-zcvf img.tar.gz img --compressed into tar.gz
Tar-jcvf img.tar.bz2 img --compressed into tar.bz2
Tar-zxvf img.tar.gz --decompress tar.gz
Tar-jxvf img.tar.bz2 --decompress tar.bz2


-- Compress to the specified directory (compress the name to write the absolute path)
Tar-zcvf/home/img.tar.gz img
-- Compress multiple files (to compress files, use spaces to separate them)
Tar-zcvf/home/img.tar.gz img1 img2
-- Extract to the specified directory (add-C and specify the directory -- C Capital)
Tar-zxvf img.tar.gz-C/tmp




----------------------------- Mount command ----------------------------------
-- Hanging on a CD (that is, the inserted CD can be viewed in the directory)
(1) create a mount point (used to the mnt directory)
Mkdir/mnt/cdrom
(2) hanging on a CD (/dev/sr0 is similar to a driver)
Mount/dev/sr0/mnt/chrom
(3) view the content of the CD
Cd/mnt/chrom --> ls
(4) run out and unmount (to exit the current directory or else unmount)
Umount/mnt/chrom


-- Mount a USB flash drive
(1) view the drive letter
Fdisk-l
(2) mount a USB flash drive
Mount-t vfat/dev/sdb1/mnt/usb
Note: 1. sdb1 is the drive letter name (will change) 2. vfat refers to fat32 (usually USB flash drive)
Note: Linux does not support NTFS files by default. Drivers must be installed and data cannot be written.


----------------------------- Shut down and restart ----------------------------------
Shutdown-r -- restart two and a half days in the morning
Ctrl + c -- interrupt the current command
Shutdown-r & -- restart two and a half days in the morning (put the command in the background without occupying the current Terminal)
Shutdown-h -- restart
Shutdown-c -- cancel the previous shutdown command


----------------------------- Other commands ----------------------------------
-- View the current system time
Date
-- Update the user password (you need to enter the original password)
Sudo passwd root
-- Switch users (www users cannot execute the restart command)
Su


-- Compile an executable script
Exe. sh
#! /Bin/bash -- this is required
Echo "ni hao! "
-- Grant executable permissions
Chmod 755 exe. sh
./Exe. sh -- you can run the command set
-- Query login user information
W
-- Query System logon restart time/Last Logon Time
Last/lastlog