Components of modern computer equipment

Components of modern computer equipment: operators, controllers, memory, input devices, output devices

operator: arithmetic unit , computer logical operation The parts of the operation. The basic operations of the operator include addition, subtraction, multiplication, except arithmetic, and, or, non-, XOR, or other logical operations, as well as shift, compare and transmit operations, also known as arithmetic logic parts (alu ).

Controller (English name: controller ) refers to changing the wiring and changes of the main circuit or control circuit in a predetermined order circuit

memory (memory ) is a memory device used to preserve information in modern information technology. Its concept is very broad, there are many levels, in the digital system, as long as the binary data can be stored can be memory, in the integrated circuit, a non-physical form of the storage function of the circuit is also called memory, such as ram , fifo , etc., in the system, Storage devices with physical forms are also called memory, such as memory strips, TF cards, etc. All the information in the computer, including the input raw data, the computer program, the intermediate running result and the final running result are saved in the memory. It is based on controller There are also classification methods that are divided into external memory and internal memory. External memory is usually a magnetic medium or a CD-ROM, which can save information for a long time. Memory refers to a storage part on the motherboard that holds the data and programs currently in progress, but is only used to temporarily store programs and data, power off or power off, and data is lost

input Device: A device that enters data and information into a computer. is a bridge of communication between a computer and a user or other device. The input device is user andComputer Systemsone of the main devices for exchanging information between keyboard,Mouse,Webcam,Scanner,Stylus, handwriting input board, joystick,Voice Inputdevices, etc. are input devices. An input device (InputDevice) is a device for human or external interaction with a computer forRaw Dataand the programs that handle these numbers are entered into the computer. The computer can receive all kinds of data, which can be either numerical data or various non-numerical data, shape,Image, sound, etc. can be entered into the computer by different types of input devices for storage, processing, and output.

the output deviceisComputerof the hardware systemTerminal Equipment, which is used to receive output display, print, sound, control peripheral operation, etc. of computer data. The data or information of various computational results is alsoDigital,character,Image, sound and other forms of expression. The common output devices areDisplay, Printers,plotter, image output system, voice output system, magnetic recording equipment and so on.

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TheCPU, Centralprocessing Unit, is an ultra-large-scale integrated circuit that is the computing core of a computer (core ) and the control Unit. Its function is mainly to explain the computer instruction and processing the data in the computer software.

Bus isa common communication trunk that transmits information between various functional parts of a computer, it is a transmission harness composed of wires, according to the kind of information transmitted by computer, the bus of computer can be divided intoData Bus, address bus, andControl Bus, respectively, to transfer data, data addresses, andControl Signal. A bus is an internal structure that is CPU, memory, input,Output Devicea public channel that transmits information,Hostcomponents are connected by bus,External DevicesThe corresponding interface circuit is then connected with the bus, thus forming aComputer hardware System. In a computer system, a common path that transmits information between parts is called a bus,Microcomputeris toBus Structureto connect the individualFunctional Partsthe.

Memory: Addressing storage devices

English linux kernel one The system calls page cache ), which solves the bottleneck of disk access speed, which speeds up the startup. Because the system required files have been read from the hard disk early into the main memory, and the main memory of the pipeline bandwidth than the peripheral system of the pipeline bandwidth is high, so that the system spent on access to peripheral equipment time reduced.

I/O input / output (input/output) is divided into two parts of io device and io interface. On a POSIX -compliant system, such asLinuxsystem,I/O operations can be in several ways, such as DIO (Direct I/O), AIO (asynchronous I/O asynchronous I/O), memory-mapped I/O ( Memory mapping I/O) , and so on, different I/O methods have different implementation methods and performance, in different applications can choose different I/O mode according to the situation.

Components of modern computer equipment