Computer network protocols

The Network Protocol application layer of each layer of the Computer: (typical devices: applications, such as FTP, SMTP, HTTP) Dynamic Host Allocation Protocol (DHCP) (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), using UDP Protocol, there are two main purposes: to automatically allocate IP addresses to internal networks or network service providers, to users or internal network administrators as a central means of managing all computers. Real-time plug-and-play connection. BOOTP (BOOTstrapProtocol) Bootstrap Protocol/Bootstrap Protocol, using UDP to enable a diskless workstation to automatically obtain configuration information. Static Configuration Protocol DNS (Domain Name System) Domain Name resolution <port number 53> FTP (File Transfer Protocol) file Transfer Protocol <Port Number 21> reduces or eliminates File Processing incompatibility in different operating systems. Gopher (The Internet Gopher Protocol) Internet Gopher Protocol HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) Hypertext Transfer Protocol <port 80>, transaction-oriented application layer Protocol. IMAP4 (Internet Message Access Protocol 4) IRC (Internet Relay Chat) Network Chat Protocol version 4th of Internet Information Access Protocol NNTP (Network News Transport Protocol) the XMPP network news transmission Protocol extends the 3rd version of the site Protocol POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3), which is used to receive emails. The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is used to send Mail. SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol), Simple Network Management Protocol SSH (Secure Shell) Secure Shell Protocol TELNET Remote logon Protocol <port number 23> RPC (Remote Procedure Call Protocol) (RFC-1831) remote Procedure Call agreement RTCP (RTP Control Protocol) RTP Control Protocol RTSP (Real Time Streaming Protocol) Real-Time Transport Protocol TLS (Transport Layer Security Protocol) secure Transport Layer Protocol SDP (Session Description Protocol) Session Description Protocol SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) Simple Object Access Protocol Traversal of UDP over NATs, nat udp Simple Traversal) is a Network Protocol NTP (Network Time Protocol) Network calibration Protocol. Transport Layer: (typical device: process and port) Data Unit: Data Segment (Segment) TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) Transmission Control Protocol to provide reliable connection-oriented services, before transmitting data, you must establish a connection and release the connection. Reliable full-duplex channel. Reliable, ordered, non-lost, and non-repetitive. User Data Protocol (UDP) User Data Protocol does not need to establish a connection before sending data, does not use congestion control, does not guarantee reliable delivery, the best effort to deliver. DCCP (dataincongestion Control Protocol) Datagram Congestion control protocol sctp (STREAM Control TRANSMISSION Protocol) stream control transmission Protocol RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol) Real-time transfer protocol rsvp (Resource ReSer Vation Protocol) resource Reservation Protocol PPTP (Point to Point Tunneling Protocol) Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol Network Layer: (typical devices: routers, firewalls, and multi-layer switches) Data Unit: Packet (Packet) IP (IPv4-IPv6) the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Protocol for intercommunication between networks, that is, the Address Resolution Protocol, so that the physical Address can be known through the IP Address. RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol) Reverse Address translation Protocol allows local network physical machines to request their IP addresses from the ARP table or cache of the gateway server. ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) Internet Control Message Protocol. It is a sub-Protocol of the TCP/IP protocol family. It is used to transmit control messages between IP hosts and routers. ICMPv6: Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is a multicast Protocol in the special network Protocol family, the IP host reports group members to any directly adjacent router. RIP (Router information protocol) is a standard used to exchange routing information between a gateway and a host. OSPF (Open Shortest Path Firs) Open Shortest Path takes precedence over Distributed Link Status Protocol. Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a routing Protocol used to connect independent systems on the Internet. routing vector routing is used. IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System Routing Protocol) the Routing Protocol from the Intermediate System to the Intermediate System. IPsec (IP Secure) "Internet Protocol Security" is an open standard framework structure. By using encrypted security services) perform confidential and secure communications on the network. Data link layer: (typical device: Nic, bridge, switch) Data Unit: Frame (Frame) ARQ (Automatic Repeat-reQuest) Automatic retransmission reQuest protocol, one of the Error Correction protocols, including stopping the Waiting For ARQ protocol and continuous ARQ protocol, error detection, positive confirmation, re-transmission during failover, and re-transmission after negative confirmation. Stop waiting Protocol: The CSMA/CD (Carrrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) carrier listens to Multi-Point Access/Collision Detection Protocols. Bus Network, the essence of the Protocol is carrier monitoring and collision detection. Before sending data, the carrier listener checks whether other computers on the bus are sending data. If data is not sent for the time being, collision is avoided. Collision Detection detects the signal voltage on the channel by sending data while the computer side. Point-to-Ponit Protocol (PPP) is byte-oriented and consists of three parts: a method for encapsulating IP datagram into a serial link; A Link Control Protocol (LCP) used to establish, configure, and test data Link connections: a set of network Control protocols (NCP. HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control) Advanced Data Link Control synchronizes online Data transmission and bit-oriented Data Link layer protocols. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (Asynchronous) is a connection-oriented fast group Switching Technique Based on circuit switching and group switching. "Asynchronous" refers to "Asynchronous insertion" of ATM cells into the synchronous SDH bit stream. For example, synchronous insertion means that the time slot occupied by the user in each frame remains unchanged. "Synchronization" means that the bit streams on each link in the network are controlled by the same very precise master clock. Wi-Fi, WiMAX, DTM, licensing ring, Ethernet, FDDI, frame relay, GPRS, EVDO, HSPA, L2TP, and ISDN physical layer: (typical devices: relay, HUB, network cable, and HUB) data Unit: Bit Ethernet physical layer, modem, PLC, SONET/SDH, G.709, optical fiber, coaxial cable, and twisted pair are attached with a layer protocol diagram: