Computer hardware and software maintenance common sense

Computer as one of our daily use equipment, once the occurrence of such a fault, we can imagine the trouble, especially some rookie friends, once the failure of the hands of the work can not be completed on time, their own blind toss and fear of damage to the hardware equipment, maintenance and bear economic losses. In fact, we do not have so much trouble, computer problems are often a small number of glitches, learn some simple hardware and software maintenance knowledge of their own control of the computer has a great spleen benefits. Here is a simple talk about the daily life of what to pay attention to the computer maintenance of small common sense.

Computer maintenance hardware maintenance and software maintenance in two parts, hardware maintenance mainly refers to the computer motherboard, graphics, processor, hard disk, monitor and other hardware equipment maintenance. And the software maintenance, refers to the machine after the Assembly completes, to the machine above system software and application software maintenance.

The first is the hardware part, the computer in the hardware part of the fault is very much, but also very complex, such as our daily saw the phenomenon of black screen, boot without display phenomenon, frequent crashes, IDE port, USB port failure phenomenon, display color anomaly, monitor jitter, flower screen phenomenon, hard drive can not read and write phenomenon, The system does not start phenomenon, hard drive appears bad phenomenon .... Too much, these phenomena are in fact hardware on the fault, as long as we carefully analyze, to find out the cause of the failure, the computer is ignorant of ordinary users may become a DIY master, the following is to say the hardware failure when we need to follow the method:

1. First peripherals after the host.

Because the faults on the peripherals are easier to find and eliminate, we first check the mouse, keyboard, monitor and other external equipment and work according to the error information on the system. After the exclusion is complete, consider the complex host section.

2. Before the power supply components.

Power is easily overlooked by users, General power supply is not enough, output current is not normal very easy to cause a number of failures, many times the user to the motherboard, graphics, hard disk have been checked all have not found the reason, but this is the power in mischief.

3. Simple before complex.

In case of computer malfunction, start with the simplest reason first. Many times the fault is due to loose data lines, too much dust, bad card contact and so on. After the simple method is tested, consider whether it is a hardware corruption problem.
In troubleshooting, you can troubleshoot problems in the following ways:

1. Plug and Replace method.

Plug-and-replace method is the oldest and most primitive method, but also the most direct effect of a method. Many hardware engineers are still using this method to eliminate the size of the computer fault. Plug-and-replace method is very simple, that is, based on the problem on the computer first, roughly wondering where the problem is, such as on a computer's display, on a video card, on a hard disk, on a keyboard ..., removing a suspected object and installing it on a good computer, and if the other computer doesn't work, you know that the object is out of the question. No problems continue to doubt, replace, and eventually will be able to find the problem object.

2. Direct observation method.

The direct observation method is based on the bios of the alarm sound, post information on the instructions to determine the hardware fault. Troubleshoot problems based on a variety of sound and descriptive information, such as displaying a hard disk when a self-test is a problem, you can check the data cable on the hard disk and the power cord is loose. When there is a problem, check the display and video card and VGA interface, erase the dust above to see if there is no broken needle interface.

3. Use specialized diagnostic software to detect.

Diagnostic software is a specialized hardware fault checking tool that enables it to quickly detect the cause of the failure. such as Norton Tools (Norton Toolbox). The diagnosis software can not only check the operating condition of various parts of the whole system, such as CPU, memory, motherboard, hard disk, etc., but also check the stability of the whole system and the working ability of the system. If the problem is found to give detailed report information, so that we can find out the cause of the failure and troubleshooting.

4, the system minimizes the inspection.

The principle of system minimization checks is very similar to that of the Plug and Replace method. is to use the smallest system to diagnose one by one. For example, install only CPU, memory, video card, motherboard. If the boot does not work correctly, the four parts will be used for the Plug and Replace method to troubleshoot. If you can work properly, then connect the hard drive. And then connect the monitor. And so on until the fault is found.

As for the hardware on the specific problems and troubleshooting methods, not a word can be said necromancy Ming. If you want to become a DIY master, you can go to the market to buy a special book or Internet users to check the message, the above has a detailed introduction.

Software is mainly divided into system software and application software two parts, users in the use of system software process, such as xp/2000 system, the use of too long in the system will be a lot of garbage files produced. The light occupies the system space, the heavy is hinders the daily system to run, causes the system to slow down even appears the system to be unable to work. In the process of using application software, many application software installed, will appear in the system of inexplicable system conflict phenomenon, some normal functions in the permanent also appear abnormal phenomenon, these are unavoidable.
Generally speaking, the problem that the software appears can be grouped into the following categories:

1. Software and system incompatibility caused by the failure. The version of the software is incompatible with the configuration of the running environment, resulting in the inability to run, system crashes, some files being altered and lost, and so on.

2. Software conflict-generated failures. Two or more software and programs operating environment, access area, work address and other conflicts, resulting in system work confusion, file loss and other failures.

3. Malfunction caused by misoperation. Misoperation is divided into command misoperation and software program Operation Misoperation, execute the wrong command, choose the operation that should not be used, run some destructive programs, incorrect or incompatible diagnostics, disk operators, performance test programs, etc., so that the file is lost, the disk format, and so on.

4. Computer virus caused by the fault. Computer viruses will greatly interfere with and affect the use of computers, so that the data and information stored in the computer can be destroyed, or even lost, and will infect other computers. Most computer viruses can be hidden like a ticking time bomb standby attack.

5. Failure caused by improper system configuration. System configuration failure is divided into three types, that is, the system to start the basic CMOS chip configuration, System boot Process configuration system command configuration, if these configuration parameters and settings are not correct, or not set up, the computer may not work and generate operational failure. Soft failures of computers can generally be recovered, but in some cases software failures can also be turned into hardware failures.

In the daily use of the process, the author summed up their day-to-day computer software maintenance knowledge, a simple talk about a common consumer how to maintain their own computer software, so that the computer often new.

1. Learn to install the system, learn to use Ghost.

In the computer, a lot of things can not work, the speed is slow, as long as the software on the fault, the most effective one is to reload the system. As long as the system installed, application software installed, in front of a new computer. However, before reloading the system, remember to back up the personal data in the computer system disk and the application software that needs to be installed after the system has been installed. But you can't afford to install the system for a long time. Can learn to ghost, when your computer installed, with Ghost software backup once, after the system problems, as long as the use of ghost software to spend a few minutes will make your computer the same as the original.

2. Learn to Antivirus.

QQ uploaded over the virus, the message passed over the virus, it is easy to attack your computer, so that it can not work properly. Learning to Antivirus is one of the main thrusts of computer software maintenance every day. Under normal circumstances, even if there is a hardware firewall, but also to install such as Norton, Rising, and other anti-virus tools. And a period of time to the anti-virus software upgrades, to maintain the vigilance of the new virus ability, so that the computer safe to run in the network environment to work.