Create a small Linux bare metal-2015090401 that will boot successfully

we use our own to create a normal boot Linux system, but the function is not sound, only for it to boot properly: the steps are as follows:

First step: Add a new hard disk to the virtual machine

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Step Two: Create partitions on the new hard disk, 1/boot, 1 swap partitions , one root partition:

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[[EMAIL PROTECTED] ~]# FDISK -L /DEV/SDB DISK /DEV/SDB: 21.5 GB,  21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersunits =  cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytesSector size  (logical/ Physical): 512 bytes /512 bytesi/o size  (minimum/optimal):  512 bytes  / 512bytesDisk identifier: 0x950bee79   Device Boot       Start         End      blocks   id  system/dev/sdb1                1          26       208813+ 83  Linux/dev/sdb2               27         158    1060290    82  linux swap / solaris# #swap分区类型需要调整为82   Linux  swap / solaris/dev/sdb3              159         812    5253255    83  Linux[[email protected] ~]# partx -a /dev/sdb            # #通知内核重读新分区BLKPG: device or resource  Busyerror adding partition 1blkpg: device or resource busyerror adding  partition 2BLKPG: Device or resource busyerror adding partition  3

Step three: Create a file system for the new partition

[[email protected] ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1mke2fs 1.41.12  (17-May-2010) Filesystem  label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=1024  (log=0) fragment size=1024  (log=0) stride=0 blocks, stripe width=0 blocks52208 inodes, 208812 blocks10440  blocks  (5.00%)  reserved for the superuserfirst data block=1maximum  filesystem blocks=6737100826 block groups8192 blocks per group, 8192  fragments pergroup2008 inodes per groupsuperblock backups stored on  blocks:         8193,24577, 40961, 57345,  73729, 204801 writing inode tables: done                              creating journal  (4096 blocks): donewriting superblocks and filesystemaccounting  information: done this filesystem will be automaticallychecked every  37 mounts or180 days, whichever comes first.  use tune2fs -c  or -i to override. [[email protected] ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb3mke2fs 1.41.12  (17-May-2010) Filesystem  label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=4096  (log=2) fragment size=4096  (log=2) stride=0 blocks, stripe width=0 blocks328656 inodes, 1313313 blocks65665  blocks  (5.00%)  reserved for the superuserfirst data block=0maximum  filesystem blocks=134637158441 block groups32768 blocks per group,  32768 fragments pergroup8016 inodes per groupsuperblock backups stored on blocks:         32768,98304, 163840,  229376, 294912, 819200, 884736 Writing inode tables: done                             Creating journal  (32768 blocks):  donewriting  superblocks and filesystemaccounting information: done this filesystem  will be automaticallychecked every 27 mounts or180 days,  Whichever comes first.  use tune2fs -c or -i to override. [[email protected] ~]# mkswap /dev/sdb2      # #创建交换分区Setting  up swapspace version 1, size =1060284 kibno label,uuid= 9e278322-0033-4bdc-8739-a621149f0179[[email p rotected] ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1     # #显示分区属性, the boot partition is formatted successfully/DEV/SDB1:  label= "Boot part" uuid= "Ce836e56-3bbf-47b0-a646-846e1b5d23d6"  type= "ext3" SEC_TYPE= "ext2" [[Email  protected] ~]# blkid /dev/sdb2     # #显示分区属性, swap partition format succeeded/DEV/SDB2 : uuid= "9e278322-0033-4bdc-8739-a621149f0179"  type= "swap" [[email protected] ~]# blkid  /dev/sdb3     # #显示分区属性, the root partition is formatted successfully/dev/sdb3: label= "root" uuid= " 02EC22DF-7F8C-4CC4-82EC-79BB7F6806A2 " sec_type=" ext2 "type=" ext3 "

Fourth step: Under the /mnt directory, create boot and rootfs two partitions, and Mount Sdb1 to /mnt/boot, sdb3 Mount to /mnt/rootfs

[Email protected] ~]# mount/dev/sdb1/mnt/boot/[[email protected] ~]# mount/dev/sdb3/mnt/rootfs/

Fifth Step: Create mnt in the rootfs directory , etc Dev Lib lib64 bin sbin proc SYS root home directory and use the Grub-install command to install the /c10>grub to the hard drive /dev/sdb:

[[Email protected] ~]# cd /mnt/rootfs/[[email protected] rootfs]# mkdir  -pv  mnt etc dev lib lib64 bin sbin proc sys  roothome var usrmkdir: created directory  ' mnt ' mkdir: created directory   ' etc ' mkdir: created directory  ' dev ' mkdir: created directory  ' lib ' mkdir:  created directory  ' lib64 ' mkdir: created directory  ' bin ' mkdir: created  directory  ' sbin ' mkdir: created directory  ' proc ' mkdir: created directory   ' sys ' mkdir: created directory  ' root ' mkdir: created directory  ' home ' mkdir:  created directory  ' var ' mkdir: created directory  ' usr ' [[email protected]  rootfs]# grub-install--root-directory=/mnt /dev/sdbprobing devices to guess  BIOS drives. Thismay Take a long time. Installation finished. no error reported. this is the contents of the device map/mnt/boot/grub/device.map.check  if this is correct or not. if any ofthe lines is  Incorrect,fix it and re-run the script ' Grub-install ' .  (fd0)  /dev/fd0 (hd0)          /DEV/SDA (HD1)           /dev/sdb

Sixth step: Copy the kernel and initrd files to the/mnt/boot directory, for easy configuration, here the kernel and Initramfs version number is changed to 1.1.1, and write Grub configuration file:

[Email protected] mnt]# cp/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64 boot/vmlinuz-1.1.1[[email protected] mnt]# cp/boot/ Initramfs-2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64.img boot/initramfs-1.1.1.img# #initramfs和vmlinux版本号必须完全一致

to create a grub configuration file

[Email protected] mnt]# vim boot/grub/grub.conf default=0timeout=5title test-linux root (hd0,0) Kernel/vmli nuz-1.1.1 ro selinux=0 root=/dev/sda3 init=/bin/bash # #内核的初始化任务之一是激活selinux Because the small system we created is not functioning well, so we need to turn off SELinux , or boot booting is not normal, Init points the first program in user space to bash initrd/initramfs-1.1.1.img

Seventh Step: Copy the Bash program and copy the library files it depends on to the new hard disk:

[[email protected] ~]# cp -r  ' Which bash '/mnt/rootfs/bin/[[email protected]  rootfs]# ldd  ' Which bash '           linux-vdso.so.1=>   (0x00007fffda72a000)           libtinfo.so.5=> /lib64/libtinfo.so.5  (0x0000003bc6200000)           libdl.so.2=> /lib64/libdl.so.2  (0x0000003bbb600000)           libc.so.6=> /lib64/libc.so.6  (0x0000003bbba00000)           /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x0000003bbb200000) [[email protected]  rootfs]# cp /lib64/libtinfo.so.5 /mnt/rootfs/lib64/[[email protected] rootfs]#  cp /lib64/libdl.so.2/mnt/rootfs/lib64/[[email protected] rootfs]# cp /lib64/ libc.so.6/mnt/rootfs/lib64/[[email Protected] rootfs]# cp/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /mnt/rootfs/lib64/[[email protected]  rootfs]# sync       # #将内存中数据同步到磁盘

After performing the above operation, the new hard drive can be plugged into the new device to start: The following:

The first step:

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Step Two:

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Step Three:

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Fourth Step:

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Fifth Step:

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Sixth step:

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Seventh Step:

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Eighth Step:

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Nineth Step: Keep the default:

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Tenth step:

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Part 11th:

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Create complete, power-on test, need to shut down in advance to mount the new disk of the host! :

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the Grub menu is displayed. An exciting moment ————————————

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Experimental success

Create a small Linux bare metal-2015090401 that will boot successfully