During a website activity, users can submit information (No Logon required). How can I restrict repeated submission?

During a website activity, users can submit information (No Logon required). How can I restrict repeated submission? Each computer is restricted to submitting only one information website for an activity. During the activity, users can submit information (No Logon required). How can I restrict repeated submission?

Limit that information can be submitted only once on each computer

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During a website activity, users can submit information (No Logon required). How can I restrict repeated submission?

Limit that information can be submitted only once on each computer

Add a token (that is, add a parameter) to the request session before entering the front-end page. When the form is submitted, check whether the token is equal to the server token. If the token is equal, submit and erase the token, otherwise, do not submit

Record the ip address and determine whether it is repeated

Record the IP address and useragent to the database, check whether there is the same before submitting, and then write a cookie to this user, basically can eliminate, of course, not 100%

A user ID is recorded in the cookie. This ID is submitted upon submission. The next submission determines whether the request is repeated. If you want to prevent the machine from submitting the request, use the verification code.