ERP finance Basics

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The ledger set includes the definition of the accounting subject and the current bitcoin during the accounting period. The accounting period (accounting period/fiscal period) refers to dividing the continuous business activities of an enterprise into several equal intervals based on continuous reflection, perform accounting and prepare accounting reports in installments to regularly reflect the business activities and achievements of an enterprise during a period. the accounting period generally includes year, half year, quarter, and month. Accounting subjects are subject to the content of economic business and the requirements of economic management,A subject that classifies the specific content of an accounting element. It is called an accounting subject..

Six accounting elements,Assets, liabilities, owner equity, income, expenses, profit. The first three reflect the financial status, corresponding to the static balance sheet. The latter three reflect the business results, such as the income statement and cash flow statement.

Accounting creden: A written proof of recording economic business, clarifying economic responsibilities, and recording accounting books in a certain format. Used to record the occurrence of economic business, clear economic responsibilities, as a written proof of accounting. There are original and accounting creden. The former is the original written proof filled in at the first occurrence of the economic business, such as the sales invoice and money receipt. The latter is based on the original creden and serves as a written proof of each category of accounts in the ledger, as shown inReceipt credential, payment credential, transfer credential.

The basis of accounting creden。 is the balance of lending. If there is a loan, there must be a balance.For goods sold, it is sales revenue> cash, so the borrower is cash and the lender is sales revenue. However, this change may be divided into two steps, that is, the customer does not pay cash immediately after the sale is complete. Therefore, receivables are generated, that is, the transfer process changes to: sales revenue-> Accounts receivable-> cash.

Phase 1: debit: Accounts receivable

Credit: Sales Revenue
Phase 2: debit: Cash Credit: Accounts receivable

In the second phase, the result of the first phase is the same as that of direct cash payment after sales are completed. For procurement, the process is just the opposite: Cash-> procurement cost, so the borrower is the procurement, and the lender is the cash. If you do not pay cash directly after the purchase, the change takes two phases:

Phase 1: borrower: material procurementCredit: payment payable
Phase 2: debit: payment payable Credit: Cash

According to the applicable economic business, accounting creden。 are divided into two types: special accounting creden。 and general accounting creden. A special accounting credential is used to record a type of economic business. According to whether the recorded economic business is related to the receipt and payment of cash and bank deposits, the dedicated credential is divided into three types: Receipt credential, payment credential and transfer credential.The receipt credential and payment credential are used to record the currency receipt and payment business. They are used as the basis for registering cash journals, bank deposit journals, Detailed ledgers, general ledgers, and other books.It is also the basis for cashier's receipt and payment items. Cashiers cannot receive and pay payments based on the original cash or bank deposit receipt and payment credential. The cashier must follow the receipt credential and payment credential approved by the accounting supervisor or designated personnel, to strengthen the management of monetary funds and effectively monitor the use of monetary funds. The entire credential transfer process and steps can be described as follows:

1. Fill in the accounting creden based on the original creden or the original creden summary table.
2. Register cash journals and bank deposit journals based on the receipt and payment accounting creden.
3. subscribe to the account according to the registration details.
4. Summarize and compile the account summary table based on accounting creden
5. register the general ledger according to the summary table of subjects.
6. At the end of the period, the balance sheet and income statement are prepared based on the general ledger and detailed ledger.

Cash journal is a special journal used to reflect the income, payment and balance of inventory cash on a daily basis. It is registered by the cashier of the organization according to the correct cash receipts, payment vouchers and cash vouchers obtained from the bank one by one. To ensure the safety and integrity of the books, you must use the book type for cash journals.

A special type of accounting book used to record the deposit and receipt business of a bank. The bank account book must be a written ledger. Its account page format is generally "income" (debit), "expenditure" (credit), and "balance. The amount of bank deposit income should be registered according to the relevant cash payment credential. At the end of each business day, it is necessary to calculate and register the total number of bank deposits and expenditures on the current day, as well as book balances, so as to check and supervise various income and expenditure payments, avoid cash settlement and check the statements sent by the bank on a regular basis.

Note: For bank journals, bank deposit journals are bank journals, which are divided into cash journals and bank journals.

The creden of the general ledger module in ERP include creden. the GL in Oracle is used for entry into the journals, credential review, and credential posting. Should the journals entered here be accounting creden? The Credential transfer process is the process in which the system registers the recorded accounting credential to the relevant ledger according to its accounting subject. After the received creden, you are not allowed to modify the creden。. You can only use the supplementary creden。 or the red letter offset creden。 for correction.After the creden are transferred, the general ledger and detailed ledger in the general ledger can be formed.. (Due to the fact that the Account Receivable creden have been transferred to form a detailed ledger. Do you need to transfer the cash journals directly to form a detailed ledger ?) Reinterpret the journal, ledger, and transfer relationship as follows:

A ledger refers to a ledger that makes and registers entries according to the sequence of economic business occurrence time.. In journals, each economic business generally records one accounting entry. The accounts involved in these entries are two or more accounts, and some of them are frequently used, some are not recorded many times. In this way, we need to understand the actual amount and balance of each accounting element in the current period, and the financial status and operating results of an accounting entity, the information obtained from the journals is too scattered. Therefore, you need to set and use the ledger.A ledger is a ledger that classifies and registers various economic services according to the households involved. Each account generally has an independent ledger page in the ledger.. The ledger is registered one by one according to the journals. That is to say, all the accounting entries registered in the journals must be based on the account, amount, and date on which the ledger is to be lent, credited, it is transferred to the relevant account of the ledger separately.

The relationship between the Oracle general ledger module and other modules is the relationship between the general ledger and the general ledger. The general ledger records and stores the accounting balance information of the financial business. The submodule records and stores the detailed information of the financial business, their relationship diagram is as follows:

Take the relationship between payables and general ledger as an example:
The company can use the payable module to record detailed business dealings with suppliers. When receiving and inputting a supplier invoice in the payable module, in addition to the supplier, invoice date, amount, number, and description information corresponding to the invoice, the payable module transfers the invoice through standard transfers.Program, The payable module will generate the following accounting entries in the general ledger:

Borrow: procurement cost
Loan: payment payable

Similarly, when a payment is entered, the payable module not only records the date of the place of payment, the bank account, the payment supplier, and the invoice of the place of verification, the accounting information of the payment business location will also be generated in the general ledger:

Borrow: payable
Loan: cash/Bank

Note that the certificates in ERP are classified as follows:

You can see that the purchase invoice should be a payable credential, while the payment order is a payment credential. The entire procurement process may be like this,Financial material accounting receives the procurement invoice issued by the supplier and then enters it into the procurement module. The procurement module can transmit the procurement invoice to the AP payable module by means of credential delivery, the finance department will check the received purchase invoice and the real invoice, and then generate a voucher for handling after checking the correctness. The certificate content has already been discussed. At this time, the credential payable has been completed. The second is when the supplier makes a Dunning, the company makes a payment to the supplier according to the payment application and payment plan arrangement, the finance enters the payment form in the AP module, that is, the payment credential, use the payment credential to write off the original payable credential. After the payment form is entered, the cashier will make the payment according to the payment form and register the cash and bank journals.

For procurement payment, there is an important concept: Three-order matching, that isMatching of purchase orders, purchase receipt orders and purchase invoices. The following figure shows whether the receipt credential is the original credential, the purchase invoice is the payable credential, and the payment order is the payment credential. All financial-related business operations, such as inventory transaction processing, payable, receivables, and assets operations, should have creden?. These creden, must be imported into the general ledger module to form a ledger?

For Oracle ERP. The general ledger interface table is used to store creden。 introduced from other submodules or non-Oracle Systems. For example, if you transfer creden from submodules such as receivables and payables to the general ledger, you can choose whether to generate a journal (that is, whether to post it ). If you select "xref", the system first transfers the creden to the general ledger interface table and then posts them directly. Otherwise, only the creden。 are transferred to the general ledger interface table. When posting in the general ledger, all creden。 that have not been posted will be posted in the interface table.