Ethereum Study Notes (i)

This is a creation in Article, where the information may have evolved or changed.

Related command analysis

• Eth.blocknumber
  View the current block height.
• Eth.getblock ()
  View block content based on height.
• Eth.syncing
  Get the synchronization status, you can see the whole network the latest block high, prompting the user synchronization progress.

Block analysis

Genesis Block:

{difficulty:17179869184, Extradata: "0x11bbe8db4e347b4e8c937c1c8370e4b5ed33adb3db69cbdb7a38e1e50b1b82fa", gaslimit:5000, gasused:0, hash: "0xd4e56740f876aef8c010b86a40d5f56745a118d0906a34e69aec8c0db1cb8fa3", LogsBloom: " 0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000 ", Miner:" 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 ", Mixhash:"  0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 ", nonce:" 0x0000000000000042 ", number:0, Parenthash: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", Receiptsroot:" 0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421 ", Sha3Uncles:" 0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347 ", size:540, Stateroot:"  0xd7f8974fb5ac78d9ac099b9ad5018bedc2ce0a72dad1827a1709da30580f0544 ", timestamp:0, totaldifficulty:17179869184, Transactions: [], Transactionsroot: "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421", Uncles: []}

Block No. 410000 of the Ethereum main network:

{difficulty:1390302857940436, Extradata: "0x7563776f6e67", gaslimit:6708771, gasused:105000, hash: "0xa1085801441 42887e58cf074d4ea0be93b00c13ed1992d3897edb078fabe7118 ", Logsbloom:" 0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000 ", Miner:" 0x9435d50503aee35c8757ae4933f7a0ab56597805 ", Mixhash:"  0xfe8975ce7e272e88243ce9ec91d1a826fa5fe930d9e18de6a72ef57b4f9aa954 ", nonce:" 0xf0d4aef0039682a8 ", number:4100000, Parenthash: "0XD060E9516FC2A26AAB3728D7FAD2F2301D9822E6B2100EFF58A16ABD185881A1", ReceiptsRoot: "0xa36be6a4f6a8e9a63a6b90dfa174d5cc6e7662f0d05007f39ef8a14aab54da95 ", Sha3uncles:" 0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347 ", size:1095, StateRoot:" 0xf49e0946c05d675cafd607613b009a3121a7e9ed6ed1f614a0c05e3bf6bebea1 ", timestamp:1501511212, TotalDifficulty: 595854527970155343606, transactions: ["0x5728a5597f1dd7bb3e8843bfd6a8fe4156ae4605408d990c54dced5945e4a7af", " 0x902aa2582c63328fcca071296a389b55a1c84983f1a3553ef05b1a14b16bd913 "," 0x452169cbce264f8d30074d2ddcb8caca2ba7e7b4effdca26301696c6a242ea5f "," 0x9dee172d17a82354010ad18c9a7d32e49141b406d4802a6b0d5b25359809a1b3 "," 0xaa1b5f94f285a344d3e99f85529343daa3f72741752cad946a995e6544bd14ab "], Transactionsroot:" 0xe3eec697b2dcc74678edff5b022e65263c8428e47f11c25b9d4ba9d518632269 ", Uncles: []}

Key	value
Difficulty	Represents the difficulty level of the current chunk, which is calculated based on the difficulty level and timestamp of the previous block.
Extradata	Additional data, byte array within 32 bytes
Gaslimit	Current fuel consumption limit per block
Gasused	The sum of the fuel used for all transactions in the current block
Hash	Block hash, which can be understood as the index of this block in the entire blockchain
Logsbloom	The journal Bloom Filter consists of indexed information (log address and log subject), which is included in each log entry, from the recipient of each transaction in the trade list
Miner	Pack this block's miner's address.
Mixhash	A mixed hash, calculated with a 256-bit hash associated with a random number (nonce), to prove that sufficient computation has been done for the current chunk
Nonce	Random number, a 64-bit hash, and calculated mixed hash correlation, used to prove that enough computation has been done for the current chunk
Number	Block number, equal to the number of immediate predecessors in the current chunk (the block number of the founding block is 0)
Parenthash	Parent hash (no parent hash for Genesis Block, so Parenthash is 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000)
Receiptsroot	Recipient dictionary root node hash: Keccak 256-bit hash of the recipient's Dictionary root node, in the recipient's Dictionary tree contains the recipient of all the transaction information in the chunk
Sha3uncles	????
Size	Guessing the size of the block package
Stateroot	State dictionary tree root node hash: Keccak 256-bit hash of the state dictionary tree root node, the transaction is packaged into the current chunk and the chunk is finalized to generate this value
Timestamp	Timestamp, the Unix timestamp at the time the current chunk was initialized
Totaldifficulty	???
Transactions	The transactions contained in block
Transactionsroot	Trading Dictionary root node hash: Keccak 256-bit hash of the root node of the trading dictionary, in the Trading dictionary tree contains all the trading lists in the block
Uncles	????

It can be seen from the Genesis block to the present Ethereum block structure has not changed, the table is the Ethereum Yellow Book on the block data structure interpretation. Address of the Yellow Book

Key	value
Difficulty	Represents the difficulty level of the current chunk, which is calculated based on the difficulty level and timestamp of the previous block.
Extradata	Additional data, byte array within 32 bytes
Gaslimit	Current fuel consumption limit per block
Gasused	The sum of the fuel used for all transactions in the current block
Hash	Block hash, which can be understood as the index of this block in the entire blockchain
Logsbloom	The journal Bloom Filter consists of indexed information (log address and log subject), which is included in each log entry, from the recipient of each transaction in the trade list
Miner	Pack this block's miner's address.
Mixhash	A mixed hash, calculated with a 256-bit hash associated with a random number (nonce), to prove that sufficient computation has been done for the current chunk
Nonce	Random number, a 64-bit hash, and calculated mixed hash correlation, used to prove that enough computation has been done for the current chunk
Number	Block number, equal to the number of immediate predecessors in the current chunk (the block number of the founding block is 0)
Parenthash	Parent hash (no parent hash for Genesis Block, so Parenthash is 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000)
Receiptsroot	Recipient dictionary root node hash: Keccak 256-bit hash of the recipient's Dictionary root node, in the recipient's Dictionary tree contains the recipient of all the transaction information in the chunk
Sha3uncles	????
Size	Guessing the size of the block package
Stateroot	State dictionary tree root node hash: Keccak 256-bit hash of the state dictionary tree root node, the transaction is packaged into the current chunk and the chunk is finalized to generate this value
Timestamp	Timestamp, the Unix timestamp at the time the current chunk was initialized
Totaldifficulty	???
Transactions	The transactions contained in block
Transactionsroot	Trading Dictionary root node hash: Keccak 256-bit hash of the root node of the trading dictionary, in the Trading dictionary tree contains all the trading lists in the block
Uncles	????

• Difficulty: Is the difficulty of the current block, the value is calculated based on the difficulty level and timestamp of the previous block. We recommend that you look at an article on how ethereum is calculating the difficulty. The specific calculation formula is as follows, interested friends can try to calculate a bit. ( Ethereum requires no block to be less difficult than the creation block )

Periodcount = block_num/100000
diff = (Parent_diff + (parent_diff/2048 * MAX (1-(Block_timestamp-parent_timestamp)/ten, -99)) + 2^ (Periodcount- 2)

• Transactionsroot: In order to prevent data tampering, the merkletree of BTC used by ETH proves that the relevant technical content will be discussed separately.

Golang Data Structure Source code

Location: Core/types/block.go

Header represents a block header in the Ethereum blockchain.type header struct {parenthash common. Hash ' JSON: "Parenthash" Gencodec: "Required" ' Unclehash common. Hash ' JSON: "Sha3uncles" Gencodec: "Required" ' Coinbase common. Address ' JSON: ' Miner ' Gencodec: ' Required ' Root common. Hash ' JSON: "Stateroot" Gencodec: "Required" ' Txhash common. Hash ' JSON: "Transactionsroot" Gencodec: "Required" ' Receipthash common. Hash ' JSON: ' Receiptsroot ' gencodec: ' Required ' ' Bloom Bloom ' json: ' Logsbloom ' Gencodec: ' req Uired "' Difficulty *big. Int ' JSON: "Difficulty" GENCODEC: "Required" ' number *big. Int ' JSON: "Number" GENCODEC: "Required" ' Gaslimit *big. Int ' JSON: "Gaslimit" Gencodec: "Required" ' gasused *big. Int ' JSON: "gasused" Gencodec: "Required" ' time *big. Int ' JSON: "timestamp" GENCODEC: "Required" ' EXtra []byte ' JSON: "Extradata" Gencodec: "Required" ' mixdigest common. Hash ' JSON: "Mixhash" Gencodec: "Required" ' nonce blocknonce ' JSON: "Nonce" Gencodec: "req Uired "'}//block represents an entire block in the Ethereum blockchain.type block struct {header *header Uncl es []*header Transactions transactions//caches hash atomic. Value size atomic.    Value//Td is used by package core to store the total difficulty//of the chain and including the block. TD *big.    Int//These fields is used by package ETH to track//Inter-peer block relay. Receivedat time. Time Receivedfrom interface{}}