First knowledge of Linux

Brief Introduction

Linux is a free-to- use and free -to-spread UNIX-like operating system, born in 1991 October 5 (first officially announced), by Finnish students Linus Torvalds and later joined by a number of enthusiasts jointly developed.
Linux is a POSIX and UNIX-based multi-user, multitasking, multi-threaded and multi-CPU operating system. It can run major UNIX tools software, applications, and network protocols. It supports 32-bit and 64-bit hardware. Linux inherits the design idea of Unix as the core of network, and is a stable multi-user network operating system.
Strictly speaking, the word Linux itself only represents the Linux kernel, but in fact people have become accustomed to using Linux to describe the entire Linux kernel, and use the GNU engineering various tools and databases of the operating system.

founder Profile

Linus Torvalds (Linus Torvalds)was born in 1969 and is known as the Father of Linux, a famous computer scientist, a computer program, and a hacker. In 1991, Linus Torvalds, a Finnish university student, developed the idea of developing a free UNIX operating system, when Linux was born, in order not to allow this fledgling operating system to fold, Linus Torvalds publishes its own work Linux over the Internet. From this a large number of well-known, unknown computer hackers, programmers to join the development process, a huge movement came into being, Linux gradually grew up.

Linux logo

The Linux logo (mascot) is a penguin named Tux.

1994 release of Linux Official Core 1.0, we want to Linus Torvalds think of a mascot, he remembered once in Australia, a zoo was bitten by penguins, simply Penguin as a mascot!
Most people believe that the name tux comes from Torvalds UniX, not because it is like wearing an evening gown (tuxedo).

Key Features

first, the basic idea
There are two main points:
1. Everything is a document
2, each software has a definite purpose.
The first article in detail is that everything in the system boils down to a file, including: commands, hardware and software devices, operating systems, processes, and so on, which are considered to have their own attributes or types of files for the operating system kernel. Linux is Unix-based, largely because of the similarity between the two basic ideas.
second, completely free:
Users are free to use the network or other channels, and can modify their source code arbitrarily. This is not what other operating systems can do. Because of this, countless programmers from all over the world are involved in the modification and writing of Linux, and programmers can change them according to their own interests and inspirations, which allows Linux to absorb the essence of countless programmers and grow.
three, fully compatible with the POSIX1.0 standard:
This makes it possible to run common DOS and Windows programs under Linux with the appropriate simulator. This lays the groundwork for users to go from Windows to Linux. When many users consider using Linux, they think about whether the programs that were common to windows before are working properly, which eliminates their doubts.
four, multi-user, multi-tasking
Linux supports multiple users, each user has their own special rights to the file device, to ensure that the user does not affect each other. Multitasking is one of the most important features of computers now, and Linux allows multiple programs to run simultaneously and independently.
Five, a good interface
Linux also has a character interface and graphical interface, in the character interface users can enter the corresponding instructions through the keyboard to operate. It also provides a x-window system similar to the Windows graphical interface that allows users to manipulate it using the mouse. In the X-window environment, like in Windows, it can be said to be a Linux version of Windows.
VI. support for multiple platforms
Linux can be run on a variety of hardware platforms, such as the x86, 680x0, SPARC, Alpha and other processor platforms. In addition, Linux is an embedded operating system that can run on a handheld, set-top box, or game console. The Linux version 2.4 kernel, released in January 2001, has been able to fully support the Intel 64-bit chip architecture, while Linux also supports multiprocessor technology. Multiple processors work at the same time, which greatly improves system performance.

First knowledge of Linux