Computer and network maintenance skills

Source: CERNET Training

If you are doing computer and network maintenance work, you will find that many of the tips here are worth collecting and making good use of and learning.

Article 1: Windows 2000 Connection Sharing

Interner connect share ICS sharing can be set to non-192.168.0.1

Set it to 192.168.0.1 and then change it to what you want. (Learn from Kuang Wuqi)

Article 2: Merge MP3 files.

Copy is a very important command in DOS. It uses its parameter/B to merge several files. For example

A.mp3and B .mp3merge as c.mp3 and save to the E disk, you can do this: Enter the MS-DOS mode, type:

C:> copy/B d: a.mp3 + d:. mp3 e: c.mp3

Then press Enter. The merge speed is fast! Using the Copy/B feature, you can also connect .wma,. mpeg,. avi,. dat, and other audio and video files, which is simple and convenient.

Article 3: Change the IP address under the command line

C: WINNTsystem32> netsh

Netsh> interface

Interface> ip

Interface ip> set

The following commands are valid:

Commands in this context:

Set address-set the IP address or default gateway of the specified interface.

Set dns-set the DNS server mode and address.

Set wins-set the WINS server mode and address.

Article 4: easy control of startup programs

The "System Configuration Utility" in Windows 98 is a very high-usage tool, through which you can easily delete or temporarily stop some startup programs, however, Windows 2000 using the NT kernel does not provide similar tools. It doesn't matter. You can copy msconfig.exe (in the System subdirectory) in the original Windows 98installation directory to the WinntSystem directory in Windows 2000, and then run it directly. The program will first pop up an error message box, prompting that the following system files cannot be found: Config. sys, Autoexec. bat, System. ini and Win. ini. This is normal. If you do not need these files in Windows 2000, ignore this error. Click "OK" and you will see the "System Configuration Utility" window that you are familiar. Article 5: mutual access between Win2000/XP and Win98

If both computers use the Win2000/XP operating system, it is very easy to set up a LAN. After the hardware connection is complete, under normal circumstances, you can immediately see the other party in "Network neighbors. However, if a computer in the LAN uses Win98, this may not be the case. We often find that although the Ping command can pass, it still cannot achieve mutual access in "Network neighbors, what should I do now?

Countermeasure 1: enable Guest users in Win2000/XP. After the Win2000/XP system is installed, two user accounts are created by default, namely Administrator and Guest ), all users who have not been assigned an account on the local computer will use the Guest account by default. This account has no password. However, this Guest account is not enabled by default. You can find the "Guest" account in "control panel management tools Computer Management local users and group users, right-click the "Guest properties" dialog box and remove the check mark on the "Account Disabled" check box. After exiting, you can access Win2000/XP from Win98.

In fact, after the Guest account is enabled, the biggest benefit is that you do not need to enter the user name and password when accessing Win2000/XP from Win98. This method is more suitable for LAN with uncertain user and high access volume, but it is not applicable to home users.

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Countermeasure 2: Check whether there are security policy restrictions in Win2000/XP. Sometimes, Win2000/XP is "smart". Although we have enabled the Guest account, we still cannot access Win2000/XP from Win98, in this case, you need to find "Access this computer from the network" or "Deny access to this computer from the network" from "control panel management tools Local Security Policy local policy user privilege assignment ", check whether there is a Guest account or another corresponding account, and then add or delete the account according to different situations.

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Countermeasure 3: Disable the firewall on the local connection. A firewall acts as a security system to protect the boundaries between the network and the external world. In WinXP, Microsoft provides users with a built-in Internet Connection Firewall (ICF ), when enabled, You can restrict some insecure information from accessing the internal network. However, if you enable the firewall on a local connection, mutual access between Working Groups will fail, "XXX inaccessible", "you may not have permission to use network resources", "contact the administrator of this server to check whether you have access permissions", and "no network path found" and other similar prompts, disable firewall shielding for local connections.

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Countermeasure 4: add the NetBEUI protocol to WinXP. In fact, directly adding the NetBEUI protocol is sometimes easier to solve the problem of mutual access, and it can solve the problem of enabling the firewall mentioned above. The NetBEUI protocol is automatically installed during Win98 installation. However, since WinXP no longer provides technical support for the NetBEUI protocol, it can only be manually added.

The hosts file is optional. However, the INF folder has a hidden attribute. You must select a display file in the "tool properties" window under WinXP to view the directory.

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Countermeasure 5: Enable "file and printer sharing" in Win98 ". This is a very simple but often overlooked problem, that is, although machines with Win2000/XP can find machines with Win98 installed in "Network neighbors", they cannot be accessed, this is because "allow other users to access my files" is not enabled in Win98. Enabling this option can solve this problem.

Of course, in addition to the various reasons mentioned above, there are two computers not in the same working group, or the internal IP addresses of the two computers are in conflict, and even include Hub faults and line faults.

Article 6: Add a lock before windows starts the service

By default, the windows 2000 server will start the service without logon, which is not safe.

You can use the syskey command to add a lock before starting the service. (If you think about it, you cannot cancel it again. I learned from the ciw book) Article 7: automatic login to windwos 2000

Generally, you must enter your username and password on the logon page to log on to Windows 2000. However, Windows 2000 in Chinese also provides the function of automatically logging on with a group of usernames and passwords at startup, so that you can automatically log on to the system without manually entering the username and password. It is worth noting that, in the case of high security, it is best not to set the automatic login system mode (especially do not set to automatically log on to the system as an administrator ). In Windows 2000, you can perform the following operations to automatically log on to the system:

Select Start * Run and enter regedit (you can also enter regedt32) to open the Registry Editor. Go to "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE SOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsNT CurrentVersionWinLogon ".

Double-click defadomindominname. In the "Edit string" window that appears, enter the domain name (for example, "PCW") in the "data value" column, and then click "OK.

Double-click the "DefaultUserName" Value Name, and enter the user name (for example, "PangYan") to log on to the field in the "Edit string" window that appears "), click OK.

In the right-side window, right-click the string and select "new" * "string value". The new string value is named "AutoAdminLogon. Double-click the added "AutoAdminLogon" value with the left mouse button, and set the value to 1 in the "data value" column in the "Edit string" window, click OK.

In the right-side window, right-click and select the "new" * "string value" command to name the new character value "DefaultPassword. Double-click the DefaultPassword value name with the left mouse button, enter the user's logon password in the "data value" column in the "Edit string" window, and then click "OK.

---- Exit the registry editor window and restart the computer. At this time, the system automatically logs on with this user name, instead of entering the user name and password manually (if you keep holding down the Shift key during the login process, A dialog box is displayed, prompting you to enter your username and password ). To cancel the automatic logon function, you only need to use the mouse Selection Method to locate the current sub-key here, and then change the AutoAdminLogon key value from 1 to 0.

Article 8: PAT using Windows2000 NAT

1. Add the NAT protocol. Right-click "General",-"New Route Selection protocol"

2. Select "Network Address Translation (NAT)" in "New Route Selection protocol" and click "OK"

3. In this way, an additional "Network Address Translation (NAT)" option is added to "IP Route Selection )"

4. Right-click "Network Address Translation (NAT)" and add "New Interface"

5. Select "Internet connection" (that is, the connection to the Internet) in "New Interface for Network Address Translation (NAT)

6. In "Network Address Translation-Internet Connection Properties", select "connect public interface to the Internet" and check "Switch TCP/UDP header (recommended )"

7. In the "address pool" Option List, add the starting address and ending address that you need to provide port redirection. (that is, you need to take out all the IP addresses for port ing. In general, we only have one IP address, so you don't need to talk about the difference between the "address pool. Assume that there are eight addresses and the settings are as follows:

After the addition, it is like this:

8. In the "special port" Option List, provide the data connection protocol (TCP or UDP protocol, for example, Web and FTP are TCP Protocols) You need to direct. After selecting the protocol, click "add"

9. "add special port". This is the core of port ing. You can set the port on which the NAT host is mapped to the Intranet host, because there is an "address pool", you can add "address pool" to "Public Address"