Computer operation principle and operating system Foundation

First, von Neumann system

1. Using binary

2. Data and code are stored together

3. Memory is a one-dimensional structure of linear programming accessed by address.

Second, the computer five major parts

Operator (CA), Controller (CC), Memory (M, memory + external memory), input device (I), output device (O)

Third, the principle of computer operation

In the five parts, the controller-centric instruction flow and the data volume centered on the operator are connected, and the result is obtained.

Iv. Operating System Fundamentals

At present, we know that the operating system has Windows,mac,linux,unix and so on.

An operating system is a system software that runs on system hardware to consolidate hardware resources.

Mainly includes storage management, process management, file management, device management and job management five parts.

In fact, operating system = Kernel + Management tool + system management software.

To understand the operating system, you need to figure out several concepts:

1. Hardware architecture

Hardware architecture refers to the program execution processing structure of computer hardware. The operation of the software program is based on the hardware architecture, for example, we are familiar with the Intel series of processors, that is, belong to the x86 architecture. It can be said that different chip manufacturers of the hardware architecture is not the same.

The early machine language and its development of the assembly language written by the operating system because of its basic language and hardware close relationship, transplant difficulties, leading to the early PC hardware architecture has its own operating system. The existing and better development of the above mentioned the several.

2. System calls, libraries, applications

System calls are basic functional modules on the kernel that cannot be run independently and can only be run by application calls.

A library is a collection module that features similar or frequently applied system calls.

An application is a set of instructions based on a certain purpose that is made by invoking the system library or invoking a system call directly.

Since the application runs on an operating system, it needs to call its system library or system calls, and the system calls originate from the kernel and the kernel is based on the hardware architecture. So, as mentioned above, these applications do not necessarily work on operating systems with different hardware architectures.

3. System interface

Graphical user Interface (GUI): Common form of Windows, Mac system, as long as the graphical interface, easy to use.

Command line Interface (CLI): Dos, Linux and other systems used more, mainly used by early programmers.

Computer operation principle and operating system Foundation