SUSE Linux Common commands

(1) Command ls--list files

Ls-la gives a long list of all the files in the current directory, including a "hidden" file that begins with a period

LS A * lists all files in the current directory that begin with the letter A

Ls-l *.doc gives all files that end with. doc in the current directory

(2) command cp--copy files

CP afile Afile.bak Copy the file as a new file Afile.bak

CP afile/home/bible/Copy the file Afile from the current directory to the/home/bible/directory

CP */tmp copies all hidden files in the current directory to the/tmp/directory

CP-A Docs Docs.bak recursively copies the docs directory under the current directory to the new directory Docs.bak, preserves the file attributes, and copies all the files, including hidden files that begin with a period. For convenience, the-a option contains the-r option

Cp-i ask the user before overwriting

Cp-v tell users what they are doing

(3) command mv--to move and rename files

MV Aflie bfile Renaming afile to bfile

MV Afile/tmp Move the afile under the current directory to the/tmp/directory

(4) Command rm--delete files and directories

RM afile Deleting files Afile

RM * Deletes all files in the current directory (no hidden files). The RM command does not delete the directory unless the-R (recursive) parameter is also specified.

RM-RF domed Delete the domed directory and all the content it contains

Rm-i * Deletes all files starting with the letter A in the current directory, and prompts the user to confirm each deletion

(5) Command cd--change Directory

CD ~ Switch to home directory

CD/TMP switch to Directory/tmp

cd dir switch to dir directory in current directory

CD/Switch to root directory

Cd.. Switch to the top level directory

Cd..　/.. Switch to the top level two directory

CD ~ Switch to the user directory, such as the root user, then switch to/root

(6) command mkdir--to create a directory

mkdir phots to create a directory named photos in the current directory

Mkdir-p This/that/theother Creating a specified nested subdirectory under the current directory

(7) Command mkdir--Delete directory

mkdir will delete empty directory

(8) command more, less--view the contents of the file

MORE/ETC/PASSWD viewing the contents of/etc/passwd

Features: Pagination display commands

More file

The more command can also be passed through the pipe character (|) Used with other commands, such as:

PS Ux|more

Ls|more

LESS/ETC/PASSWD viewing the contents of/etc/passwd

(9) Command grep--search for file contents

grep Bible/etc/exports finds all rows that contain Bible in file exports

Tail-100/var/log/apache/access.log|grep 404 finds rows that contain "404" in the 100 rows of the Web server log file Access.log

Tail-100/var/log/apache/access.log|grep-v Googlebot in the 100 rows of the Web server log file Access.log to find rows that are not accessed by Google

Grep-v ^#/etc/apache2/httpd.conf Find all non-commented lines in the main Apache configuration file

(10) Command find--Find files

Find.-name *.rpm looking for RPM packages in the current directory

Find. | grep page finds the file name in the current directory and its subdirectories that contains the page

Locate traceroute find file names that contain traceroute files anywhere on the system

(11) Command vi--Edit file

Vi/etc/bubby.txt editing files with VI/etc/bubby.txt

Vim/etc/bubby.txt editing files with VI/etc/bubby.txt

Quick action:

Toggle window: alt+1,alt+2

Fullscreen: ALT + ENTER

Hold vim Up (pause): Ctrl + Z, pause after other shell operation, after the end can be switched back to the Vim interface via FG command to continue editing

: MR: View History file Record (note: Mr Capitalization)

: SP Landscape Switch Interface window: VSP Vertical Switch Interface window facilitates multi-file control coding (e.g.:)

Emacs/etc/bubby.txt editing files with Emacs/etc/bubby.txt

(12) Order RZ, sz--file upload download

Run the command sudo rz, that is, to receive the file, Xshell will pop up the file selection dialog box, select the file and close the dialog box, the file will be uploaded to the current directory in Linux.

Run command sudo sz file is to send files to Windows (the saved directory can be configured) more convenient than the FTP command, and the server no longer open FTP service.

(13) Command cat--display file contents

Cat file

(14) Command ps--view process

PS [Options]
DESCRIPTION (description): PS command displays some information about the run program options. If you want to display some duplicate information for an option, use the top command instead.

Use standard syntax to view each process on the system.
Ps-e
Ps-ef
Ps-ef
ps-ely

(15) Order kill--Kill the process

[Email protected] ~]# kill-signal%jobnumber
[Email protected] ~]# kill-l
Parameters:
-L: This is the lowercase of L, which lists the current signals (signal) that kill can use? A total of 62 signals.
Signal: What kind of instructions do you give to the job at the back? With Man 7 signal:
-1: Re-read the parameters of the configuration file (similar to reload);
-2: Represented with the same action by keyboard input [ctrl]-c;
-9: Immediately forcibly delete a job;
-15: Terminate a job in a normal program manner. And-9 are not the same.
Example one: Find out the background work in the current bash environment and delete the work.
[[email protected] ~]# jobs
[1]+ Stopped Vim BASHRC
[[email protected] ~]# kill-9%1
[1]+ has cut down vim BASHRC

(16) command stop, start--reboot Tomcat

./catalina.sh stop./catalina.sh start

(17) Command top--view CPU, memory

(18) Command pwd--view current path

(19) Order tar--package, unpack rar

TAR-CVF **.tar a.jsp B.java A and B into **.rar
TAR-XVF **.tar a.jsp B.java **.tar Unpacking

(20) Command tail--view file details
Tail-f Aaa.txt See more information of aaa.txt file
Tail-n x Aaa.log x: Last few lines

(21) Command head--view the name and suffix of the file
Head-n x Aaa.log x: Start a few lines Aaa.log: the name and suffix of the file to view

(22) Command diff--compare file contents

Diff Dir1 Dir2 compares the file list of directory 1 with directory 2, but does not compare the actual contents of the file, but lists

diff file1 File2 Compare file 1 with the contents of file 2 is the same, if it is a text format of the file, it will be different content display, if the binary code only means that two files are not the same

Comm file1 file2 comparison file showing two different files

(23) command ln--to establish a connection

ln source_path Target_path Hard Connection

Ln-s source_path Target_path Soft Connection

(24) command touch--create an empty file

Touch Aaa.txt creates an empty file with a file name of Aaa.txt

Iii. Basic System commands

(25) Command man--to view Help for a command

Man LS display Help content for LS command

(26) Command w--display details of the logged-in user

sarge:~# W

(27) Command who--show logged in user

sarge:~# who

(28) Command last--View recent user Login system

sarge:~# Last

(29) Command date--system date setting

Date-s "060520 06:00:00″ Set the system period is May 20, 2006 6 o'clock full.

(30) Command clock--clock setting

Clock–r read time parameters in the system BIOS

Clock–w writes the system time (such as the time set by date) to the BIOS

Settings for the time zone
　　
# Tzselect
　　
Please identify a, so, time zone rules can be set correctly. Please select a continent or ocean

1) Africa

2) Americas

3) Antarctica

4) Arctic Ocean

5) Asia

6) Atlantic Ocean

7) Australia

8) Europe

9) Indian Ocean

Pacific Ocean

One) None-i want to specify the time zone using the Posix TZ format.

Input 5, Asia
　　
Please select a country

1) Afghanistan

) Israel

Palestine)

2) Armenia

Japan

Philippines)

3) Azerbaijan

Jordan

Notoginseng) Qatar

4) Bahrain

) Kazakhstan

Russia)

5) Bangladesh

Korea (north)

) Saudi Arabia

6) Bhutan

Korea (south)

Singapore)

7) Brunei

) Kuwait

) Sri Lanka

8) Cambodia

Kyrgyzstan)

) Syria

9) China

Laos)

Taiwan)

) Cyprus

Lebanon)

Tajikistan)

One) East Timor

MACAU)

Thailand)

Georgia)

) Malaysia

(Turkmenistan)

Hong Kong

Mongolia)

) Arab Emirates

India)

Myanmar (Burma)

Uzbekistan)

Indonesia)

Nepal)

) Vietnam

Iran)

) Oman

Yemen)

Iraq)

Pakistan)

Input 9, China
　　
Please select one of the following time zone regions

1) East China-beijing, Guangdong, Shanghai, etc.

2) Heilongjiang

3) Central China-gansu, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan, etc.

4) Tibet & most of Xinjiang Uyghur

5) southwest Xinjiang Uyghur

Input 1, GMT
The following information has been given:
China East China-beijing, Guangdong, Shanghai, etc
Therefore tz= "Asia/shanghai" would be used. Local time is Now:fri Jul 7 10:32:18 CST 2006.Universal time is Now:fri Jul 7 02:32:18 UTC 2006.Is The above information ok?1) Yes2) No

Enter 1 to confirm
If you do not use the Tzselect command, you can modify the file change time zone.
# Vi/etc/sysconfig/clock Zone=asia/shanghai (check/usr/share/zoneinfo file below) Utc=false Arc=false
# Rm/etc/localtime
# Ln-sf/usr/share/zoneinfo/asia/shanghai/etc/localtime
Reboot.

(31) Command uname--View system version

Uname-r shows the version of the operating system kernel

(32) command reboot, shutdown--shut down and restart the computer

Reboot restart your computer

Shutdown-r Now restarts the computer, stops the service, and then restarts the computer

Shutdown-h now shut down the computer, stop the service, and then shut down the system

Halt shutting down the computer

Generally with Shutdown-r now, in rebooting the system is to close the related services, Shutdown-h now is also the case.

(33) Command su--Switch User

Su-Switch to root user

SU–ZHOULJ switch to ZHOULJ user,

Note:--he is critical, using--that will use the user's environment variable

(34) Command free--view memory and swap partition usage

sarge:~# Free-tm

(35) Command uptime--the current time, the system is running to the current elapsed time, the number of users connected, the last minute, five minutes and 15 minutes of system load

sarge:~# Uptime

(36) Command vmstat--monitor virtual memory usage

# Vmstat

(37) Command iostat--disk throughput

-C Displays only CPU rows

-D Display Disk rows

-k displays disk output in kilobytes

-T includes timestamps in the output

-X includes extended disk metrics in the output

(38) Command clear--Clear Screen
(39) Restart Tomcat

(40) Change user Chown

Change the owner or group of a file or directory
Chown-r-H owner File
The-R (recursive) option means that the same operation is done for files in all subdirectories.
-h option means that changing the owner of a symbolic link file does not affect the target file that the link points to

Chown-r xh test1 (all files in Test1 directory and subdirectories become XH)

1. Review the process number to restart the process

Ps–ef|grep xxxx

2. The process of killing the project

Kill the second column first, then the first column.

Sudo kill-9 x x

(x is the process number, while killing multiple middle spaces separated by a space)

3. Restart Tomcat

Find the Bin directory of Tomcat first

Cdtomcat/bin;

Then run sudo./run.sh to start Tomcat.

Maven Package statement: MVN clean package–dmaven.test.skip=true

Modify language

vi/etc/sysconfig/i18n modifying a Linux language such as: language= "zh_en" uppercase to lowercase enesc,:wqsource/etc/sysconfig/i18n

#查找不知道目录的文件

Find-name/"Name"

System

1. # view kernel/Os/cpu information

# uname-a

2. # View OS Version

# head-n 1/etc/issue

3. # View CPU Information

# Cat/proc/cpuinfo

4. # View Computer name

# hostname

5. # List all PCI devices

# LSPCI-TV

6. # List all USB devices

# LSUSB-TV

7. # List Loaded kernel modules

# Lsmod

8. # View Environment variables

# env

Resources

9. # View memory usage and swap area usage

# free-m

10. # View the usage of each partition

# df-h

11. # View the size of the specified directory

# du-sh < directory name >

12. # View Total Memory

# grep Memtotal/proc/meminfo

13. # View the amount of free memory

# grep Memfree/proc/meminfo

14. # View System uptime, number of users, load

# uptime

15. # View System load

# Cat/proc/loadavg

Disks and partitions

1. # View the status of the attached partition

# Mount | Column-t

2. # View all partitions

# fdisk-l

3. # View all swap partitions

# swapon-s

4. # View disk parameters (for IDE devices only)

# hdparm-i/dev/hda

5. # View IDE Device detection status at startup

# DMESG | grep IDE

Internet

1. # View the properties of all network interfaces

# ifconfig

2. # View firewall settings

# iptables-l

3. # View Routing Table

# Route-n

4. # View All listening ports

# NETSTAT-LNTP

5. # View all established connections

# NETSTAT-ANTP

6. # View Network Statistics

# netstat-s

Process

1. # View All Processes

# PS-EF

2. # Real-time display of process status

# Top

User

1. # View Active Users

# W

2. # View specified user information

# ID < user name >

3. # View User login log

# last

4. # View all users of the system

# cut-d:-f1/etc/passwd

5. # View all system groups

# cut-d:-f1/etc/group

6. # View Current user's scheduled tasks

# crontab-l

Service

1. # List all system services

# chkconfig--list

2. # list all startup system services

# chkconfig--list | grep on

View Port Netstat–an

Netstat-ano + tasklist/svc

Netstat-ano lookup port corresponding PID tasklist/svc based on PID lookup service

Netstat-tuln | grep 17002 Viewing port conditions

Program

1. # View all installed Packages

# RPM-QA

Find recently modified files with the Find command

Apache lsof-i:80

Chkconfig--list View Service

Apache Restart command: Service httpd start

Service httpd Restart Restart

Service httpd Stop Services

Installing the JDK

[Email protected] software]# chmod u+x jdk-6u31-linux-x64-rpm.bin

[Email protected] software]#./jdk-6u31-linux-x64-rpm.bin

[Email protected]/]# Vi/etc/profile

Export java_home=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31

Export JRE_HOME=/USR/JAVA/JDK1.6.0_31/JRE

Export path= $JAVA _home/bin: $JRE _home/bin: $PATH

Export classpath=.: $JAVA _home/lib/dt.jar: $JAVA _home/lib/tools.jar

[Email protected]/]# Source/etc/profile

[Email protected]/]# java-version

Java Version "1.6.0_31"

Java (TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_31-b04)

Java HotSpot (TM) 64-bit Server VM (build 20.6-b01, Mixed mode)

############## #linux命令相关 ###################################

Compression: (package name before compression of package name)

TAR-ZCVF union.kuche.com_20120209.tar.gzunion.kuche.com

Mobile: (move packaged package into/opt/back/web/directory)

MV union.kuche.com_20120209.tar.gz/opt/back/web/

Extract:

TAR-XZVF union.kuche.com_20120209.tar.gz

Copy

Cp-a union.kuche.com union1.kuche.com

Delete

RM-RF union.kuche.com

#启动VPN命令

Execute command: Service OpenVPN start

#修改工作目录

vi/etc/passwd

Modify the Linux language to change the question mark to a font (not for general modification language)

View language: cat/etc/sysconfig/i18n

Write all other comments out of the i18n configuration file

Lang= "ZH_CN. UTF-8 "

Sysfont= "Latarcyrheb-sun16"

Modify Server login Password: passwd

SUSE Linux Common commands