Get out of the mouse and start with a deep mastery of Linux (i)

Get out of the mouse and start with a deep mastery of Linux (i)

Order: As a program ape, often with the mouse operation, it is too embarrassing; play a graphical interface, too layman. Therefore intends to deepen the study of Linux, and will learn the footprints recorded, we share and mutual encouragement! Linux learning, personal feel to be divided into three pieces, are the basic concepts of Linux and Basic command of learning, Sheel script proficiency, the Linux kernel source of learning and analysis. Learn any technology, the foundation is very important, there are more than 3,000 commands in Linux, more than 200 common, we need to skillfully use more than 70 kinds. This article will introduce the important concepts and common commands in Linux!

1. Installation recommendations for Linux

If you are a novice, I do not recommend that you directly install a Linux system or a dual system, this is not wise. A more desirable approach is to install a VMware virtual machine. Then install your Linux system based on VMware. On the server side, the common Linux system is redhat, but the current redhat to charge a certain fee, so you can install CentOS or Ubuntu system for Linux learning journey.

2, Linux common directory role

/root directory/root home directory for super users

/bin command Save directory/tmp temp directory

/boot directory, start related files/sbin command save directory

/dev Device File save directory/proc write directly to memory

/etc configuration File save Directory/sys

Home directory/USR system software Resource Directory

/lib System Library Save Directory/usr/bin System command (normal user)

/MNT System mount Directory/usr/sbin system command (super User)

/media System mount directory/var system related document content

3, Command prompt

A prompt like [[email protected] ~] # is called a command prompt. This is very common when you use CTRL + ALT + T to open a terminal. You'll see the command prompt, which tells you what each symbol means in the command prompt.

[]: square brackets have no practical meaning

@: No special meaning

Root: The string in front of the current user name of the currently logged on system, if it is root on behalf of the Administrator (the administrator under Windows System is Administrator)

localhost: The string that follows the @ represents the IP address of the server host, or localhost if it is native

~: Represents the current location or directory (root current home directory/home/root)

4, command format

Command format: command [options] [parameters]

5, the contents of the query directory: LS

LS is often used with some options, and the common collocation options are as follows:

-A: Show all files, including hidden files

-D: View Directory properties

-H: User-friendly display file size

-I: Display inode (each file has a specific ID OK, inode refers to this ID)

-L: See detailed information about the file

Here's an in-depth talk about Ls-l's command.

The first column represents the file permissions (10-bit)

The first symbol in the first column represents the type of file and there are 7 types of files. There are three common (-representing ordinary files, D for directories, L for links), and the other four are block device files, character device files, socket files, and pipe files.

The other 9 symbols, each in a three-bit group. The first group represents the owner's permissions, the second group represents the permissions of the group to which it belongs, and the third group represents the other person's permissions. There are three permissions for the file, namely read (R), write (w), and execute (x).

6, Directory processing commands

Build directory: mkdir

If you need to create a directory recursively, you can add the-P option. That is, mkdir-p [directory name]. Recursively creating a directory means creating a parent directory before creating a level two directory.

directory where you switch: CD

Some of the commands to simplify switching directories are as follows:

CD ~: Enter the current user's home directory

Cd. : Enter the current directory

CD: Enter the parent directory

CD + ENTER: equivalent to CD + ~, into the user's home directory

CD-: Go to the last directory

Delete directory rmdir (less used)

Rm-r: Delete a directory (if there is a file in the directory will ask)

RM-RF: Delete a directory (there are files in the directory will not be queried, forced to delete)

Copy directory CP [options] [source file directory] [target directory]

Options:

-r: Copy directory

-P: File attribute copying

-D: If the source file is a linked file, copy the link property

-A: Equivalent to-PDR (the target file will be exactly the same as the original file, attributes are identical)

Cut or rename command mv (if the source and destination files are in the same directory, it is equivalent to renaming)

MV [source file or directory] [destination file or directory]

7 Linux compression and decompression commands

There are 5 common compression formats for Linux:. zip,. gz,. bz2,. tar.gz,. tar.bz2

Zip compression Format command operation

Zip [file name] [compressed filename] Compressed file

Zip r [Directory] [compressed directory] Compressed directory

unzip [file] [unzip file] unzip the file

Gzip Compressed Format command operation

gzip [source file] compressed to. gz format, the source file disappears

gzip-c [source file] compressed to. gz format, source file does not disappear

Gzip-d Decompression

Gunzip Decompression

BZIP2 Compression Format command operation

bzip2 [file] compressed to. bz2, source file not preserved

bzip2-k [file] compressed to. bz2, keep source file

Package Command Tar

TAR-CVF [Package file name] [source file] make the file into a tar package

Options:

-C: Packaging

-V: Display procedure

-F: Specifies the file name after packaging

. tar.gz compression format

TAR-ZCVF [Compressed package name. tar.gz] [source file] compressed into. tar.gz format

TAR-ZXVF [Compress package name. tar.gz] Unzip

Get out of the mouse and start with a deep mastery of Linux (i)